LEARNS模式在妊娠期糖尿病患者健康教育中的应用

目的 探讨LEARNS模式在妊娠期糖尿病患者健康教育中的应用效果。方法 选取产科门诊收治的120例妊娠期糖尿病患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组各60例。对照组给予常规健康教育,观察组采用LEARNS模式开展健康教育。比较2组血糖水平及体质量控制情况、患者自我管理能力、妊娠并发症及妊娠结局。结果 观察组空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白及体质量控制的达标率均高于对照组(χ² =6.171,P=0.013;χ² =9.219,P=0.002;χ² =9.259,P=0.002;χ² =9.412,P=0.002),观察组自我管理能力评分高于对照组(t=12.972,P<0.001),羊水过多、巨大儿及早产发生率均低于对照组(χ² =6.982,P=0.008;χ² =7.688,P=0.006;χ² =4.904,P=0.027);2组妊娠期高血压、胎膜早破及新生儿低血糖发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 LEARNS模式可明显提高妊娠期糖尿病患者自我管理能力,改善其血糖及体质量控制水平,降低妊娠并发症的发生风险。

Application of LEARNS model in health education of clinic patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

Objective To evaluate the effect of health education base on LEARNS model for patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods Totally 120 GDM patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, each of 60. The control group received routine health education, while the observation group was given health education base on LEARNS model. The blood glucose and body weight growth, pregnancy complications and outcomes were compared between the two groups. Meanwhile, both groups were evaluated using the self-management questionnaire for gestational diabetes mellitus (SMQGDM). Results The good control rate of fasting blood glucose, 2h postprandial blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin and body weight growth in the observation group were significantly higher than that of the control group (χ²=6.171,P=0.013;χ²=9.219,P=0.002;χ²=9.259,P=0.002;χ²=9.412,P=0.002). Moreover, the SMQGDM score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (t=12.972,P<0.001). However, the rate of hydramnios, macrosomia and premature birth of the observation group were significantly lower than that of the control group (χ²=6.982,P=0.008;χ²=7.688,P=0.006;χ²=4.904,P=0.027). There were no significant differences in the incidence of hypertension, premature rupture of membranes and neonatal hypoglycemia between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion LEARNS mode can significantly improve self-management ability, blood glucose and body weight control of GDM patients, reducing the risk of maternal and infant complications.