基于同伴教育的5 g减盐在社区老年高血压患者自我管理的效果研究

  目的  探讨基于同伴教育的5 g减盐在社区老年高血压患者自我管理的效果研究，可望控制和降低社区老年人高血压及提高其自我护理能力，使老年高血压患者保持更健康的生活方式，同时为国家老年人高血压的减盐防治提供依据。  方法  本研究采用随机数字法，将云南省昆明市东华和联盟社区中76例60～75岁的高血压正常高值及1、2级患者随机分为实验组和对照组，每组各38例；对照组接受常规高血压健康教育；以社区为依托，实验组于常规高血压教育策略基础上接受基于同伴教育的5 g减盐干预，并在第一、三个月进行实验组分小组制干预随访；比较两组干预前后血压情况、健康行为量表（HPLP-II）、自我护理能力量表（ESCA）、简明健康状况调查量表（SF-36）评分及盐认知程度得分。  结果  干预前2组老年高血压患者HPLP-II、ESCA、SF-36量表得分及盐认知程度评分和高血压情况差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）；干预后实验组患者ESCA量表得分低于对照组（P < 0.05），HPLP-II、SF-36量表得分、盐认知程度评分高于对照组,且高血压控制情况优于对照组（P < 0.05）。  结论  通过对正常高值和1、2级的老年高血压患者实施基于同伴教育的5 g减盐干预，可以有效地控制和降低老年高血压患者的血压值，促进其对食盐的认识和合理摄入及其自我护理，从而养成健康的饮食习惯，改善生活质量。

Effect of 5 g Salt Reduction Based on Peer Education in Self-management of Elderly Hypertensive Patients in the Community

  Objective  To investigate the effect of 5 g salt reduction based on peereducation in the self-management of elderly hypertensive patients in the community, so as to control and reduce hypertension and improve their self-care ability in the community, enable elderly hypertensive patients to maintain a healthier lifestyle, as well as provide a basis for salt reduction prevention and treatment of hypertension in the elderly in the country.   Methods  In this study, a random number method was used to randomly divide 76 patients with high-normal blood pressure and grade 1 and 2 hypertension aged 60 ～ 75 years old in Dong Hua and Union Community of Kunming City, Yunnan Province into an experimental group and control group, 38 cases in each group. The control group received routine hypertension health education; based on community, and the experimental group received 5 g salt reduction intervention based on peer education on the basis of routine hypertension education strategy and follow-up intervention in the first and third months. The scores of blood pressure, health behavior scale （ HPLP-II ）, self-care ability scale （ ESCA ）, concise health status survey scale （ SF-36 ）, and salt cognition were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention.   Results  There was no statistically significant difference in the HPLP-II, ESCA, and SF-36 scale scores, salt awareness score, and hypertension between the two groups of elderly hypertensive patients before the intervention （P > 0.05）. after the intervention, the ESCA scale score was lower than that of the control group （P < 0.05）, the HPLP-II, SF-36 scale scores, and salt awareness scores were higher than those of the control group, and hypertension The control of hypertension was better than that of the control group （P < 0.05）.   Conclusion  By implementing a 5 g salt reduction intervention based on peer education for elderly hypertensive patients with normal high values and grades 1 and 2, it can effectively control and reduce the blood pressure values of elderly hypertensive patients, promote their awareness and rational intake of salt and their self-care, thereby developing healthy eating habits and improving their quality of life.