VX2和人骨肉瘤MG?63兔成瘤模型的建立和比较

目的 探讨人骨肉瘤MG?63瘤块构建兔骨肉瘤模型的可行性。方法 将24只新西兰白兔随机分为VX2组和MG?63组，每组12只。按照分组分别在每只兔右侧胫骨骨髓腔内植入VX2瘤块或人骨肉瘤MG?63瘤块，建模后3周、4周、5周分别行彩色多普勒超声检查，4周超声检查结束后行X线及CT检查观察两组兔的成瘤特点及成瘤率；建模前及建模后4周分别检测碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase，AKP）水平；建模后3周、4周以空气栓塞法每组处死3只已成瘤的实验兔，建模后5周处死剩余实验兔并进行病理检查。结果 VX2组和MG?63组建模后存活的实验兔分别为10只和11只。建模后1周、2周、3周，VX2组的成瘤率分别为60.0%、90.0%、100.0%，MG?63组分别为0、45.5%、63.6%；建模后3周、4周、5周，VX2组的肺部转移率分别为66.7%、66.7%、100.0%，MG?63组分别为0、33.3%、40.0%。所有实验兔均未见腹腔脏器转移。建模后4周VX2组血AKP浓度显著高于建模前及MG?63组，差异均有统计学意义（P=0.002，<0.001）。影像学和病理学检查结果显示，建模后4周VX2组出现明显骨质破坏，MG?63组骨质破坏较轻微；VX2组的骨质破坏率、肿瘤骨形成率均高于MG?63组，但差异无统计学意义（P=0.152，0.072）。 结论 相对于兔VX2移植瘤模型，人骨肉瘤MG?63兔成瘤模型的成瘤率及肺转移率较低，稳定性较差，理想的兔原位骨肉瘤动物模型仍需进一步探索。

Development and comparison of VX2 and human osteosarcoma MG?63 rabbits tumorigenesis model

Objective To investigate the feasibility of transplanting human osteosarcoma MG?63 tumor masses into rabbits tumorigenesis model. Methods A total of 24 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into the VX2 group and the MG?63 group, with 12 rabbits in each group. VX2 tumor or human osteosarcoma MG?63 tumor were implanted into the bone marrow cavity of the right tibia of each rabbit in both groups. Color Doppler ultrasound was performed at 3, 4 and 5 weeks after modeling, and X?ray and CT exa?minations were performed at the end of the 4?week ultrasonography to observe the tumorigenic characteristics and tumorigenic rate of the rabbits in both groups. Alkaline phosphatase (AKP) levels were measured before and 4 weeks after modeling. At 3 and 4 weeks after modeling, 3 tumorous rabbits in each group were sacrificed by the air embolization method, and the remaining rabbits were sacrificed at 5 weeks after modeling for pathological examination. Results There were 10 and 11 rabbits surviving in the VX2 and MG?63 groups, respectively. The tumor formation rates were 60.0%, 90.0%, 100.0% in the VX2 group and 0, 45.5%, 63.6% in the MG?63 group at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after modeling, respectively. The lung metastasis rates were 66.7%, 66.7%, 100.0% in the VX2 group and 0, 33.3%, 40.0% in the MG?63 group at 3, 4, and 5 weeks after modeling, respectively. No abdominal organ metastasis was observed in all the examined rabbits. At 4 weeks after modeling, the serum AKP concentration in the VX2 group was significantly higher than that before modeling and the MG?63 group, the differences were statistically significant (P=0.002, <0.001). The results of radiographic and pathological examination showed that significant bone destruction occurred in the VX2 group and slight bone destruction occurred in the MG?63 group at 4 weeks after modeling. The rate of bone destruction and tumor bone formation in the VX2 group were higher than those in the MG?63 group, but the differences were not statistically significant (P=0.152, 0.072). Conclusions Compared with the rabbit VX2 tumor model, the tumor formation rate and lung metastasis rate of the MG?63 rabbit osteosarcoma model are lower, with poor stability. The ideal rabbit osteosarcoma animal model still needs to be further explored.