汉族、黎族、维吾尔族和藏族头面部测量特征比较

目的 探讨头面部测量特征在汉族、黎族、维吾尔族和藏族人群间的关系。 方法 2008年~2011年，在江苏、海南、新疆和西藏地区共测量1034例（汉族348例、黎族165例、维吾尔族305例、藏族216例）青年个体的16项头面部测量特征，进行性别间差异分析、人群间共性及差异分析及人群间主成分分析。 结果 16项头面部测量特征大多数都存在性别差异，且男性测量均值多大于女性；4个人群均以圆头型和超圆头型为主，汉族、黎族和维族以阔面型为主，汉族、黎族和藏族以中鼻型为主，显示了4个人群在头面部上具有的同质特点。但是4个人群的头面部又存在一些异质特点，比如汉族的面最阔，黎族的鼻最阔，维族的鼻最狭，藏族的面最狭。群体关系上，汉族和黎族相对更接近，而维族和藏族相对接近。 结论 4个人群的头面部测量特征既存在共性也存在差异，汉族和黎族之间的群体关系相对更接近，维族和藏族人群之间的群体关系相对接近，这种人群间的同质及异质特点可为后期遗传学、法医学等领域提供数据和理论支持。

Comparison of head and face measurement traits in Chinese Han,Li, Uygur and Tibetan population

Objective To investigate the relationship between the head and face traits of Han, Li, Uygur and Tibetan population. Methods From 2008 to 2011, sixteen head and face measurement traits were measured in Chinese young individuals from Jiangsu, Hainan, Xinjiang and Tibet, with sample size of 1034 ( 348 Han, 165 Li, 305 Uygur, 216 Tibetan ). The gender difference analysis, commonalities and differences between populations and principal component analysis were carried out. Results Most of the sixteen head and face measurement traits showed significant gender differences, the mean measurements of most features of males were bigger than those of females in four populations. Samples of the four populations usually had brachycephaly and hyperbrachycephaly. Most Han, Li and Uygur belonged to euryprosopy. Han, Li and Tibetan were typically mesorrhiny. The homogenous features of head and face of the four populations were shown. However, the head and face of the four populations also had some heterogeneous features. For instance, Han had the broadest face and Li had the broadest nose among all four populations. Furthermore, Uygur had the narrowest nose and Tibetan had the narrowest face. The result in population relationships presented that the head and face measurement traits of Han and Li were relatively similar, while those of Uygur and Tibetan were narrower. Conclusion There are commonalities and differences in the head and face measurement traits among the four populations. The group relationship between Han and Li is relatively similar, and that between Uygur and Tibetan is relatively close. The homogeneity and heterogeneity between populations can provide data and theoretical support for genetics, forensic science and other fields.