Antibacterial,remineralising and matrix metalloproteinase inhibiting scandium-doped phosphate glasses for treatment of dental caries |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Dentistry, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Research Wing, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GN, UK;2. Preventive and Restorative Dentistry Department, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates;3. Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt;4. UCL, Eastman Dental Institute, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Royal Free Hospital, UCL Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2PF, UK;5. School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH, UK;6. Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, Watford Road, Harrow HA1 3UJ, UK;7. Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesAntibiotic resistance is increasingly a growing global threat. This study aimed to investigate the potential use of newly developed scandium-doped phosphate-based glasses (Sc-PBGs) as an antibacterial and anticariogenic agent through controlled release of Sc3+ ions.MethodsSc-PBGs with various calcium and sodium oxide contents were produced and characterised using thermal and spectroscopic analysis. Degradation behaviour, ion release, antibacterial action against Streptococcus mutans, anti-matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity, remineralisation potential and in vivo biocompatibility were also investigated.ResultsThe developed glass system showed linear Sc3+ ions release over time. The released Sc3+ shows statistically significant inhibition of S. mutans biofilm (1.2 log10 CFU reduction at 6 h) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity, compared with Sc-free glass and positive control. When Sc-PBGs were mounted alongside enamel sections, subjected to acidic challenges, alternating hyper- and hypomineralisation layers consistent with periods of re- and demineralisation were observed demonstrating their potential remineralising action. Furthermore, Sc-PBGs produced a non-toxic response when implanted subcutaneously for 2 weeks in Sprague Dawley rats.SignificanceSince Sc3+ ions might act on various enzymes essential to the biological mechanisms underlying caries, Sc-PBGs could be a promising therapeutic agent against cariogenic bacteria. |
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| Keywords: | Scandium-doped phosphate-based glasses Antibacterial MMP-2 Remineralisation and biocompatibility |
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