食用槟榔对口腔黏膜健康影响的现况研究

目的研究咀嚼槟榔对口腔黏膜健康异常状况的影响情况和影响因素。方法在湖南省湘潭市和常德市通过多阶段随机抽样的方法对调查对象开展咀嚼槟榔对口腔黏膜健康影响的问卷调查和口腔检查,采用SPSS13.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果调查对象中咀嚼槟榔524人,口腔黏膜健康异常检出率为12.4%;不咀嚼槟榔521人,口腔黏膜健康异常检出率为2.5%,两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。口腔黏膜典型纤维化、粘膜充血、张口受限与咀嚼槟榔有统计学联系,口腔黏膜溃疡、出血、白斑、白色角化、扁平苔藓、白斑病及舌活动受限与咀嚼槟榔无统计学联系;性别、年龄、是否嚼槟榔、嚼槟榔年限和量、吸烟、饮酒为口腔黏膜健康状况的影响因素,地域分布、嗜好辣椒、刷牙习惯、嚼口香糖习惯与口腔黏膜健康状况的影响差异无统计学意义;χ2趋势检验结果显示随着咀嚼槟榔片数的增加口腔黏膜健康异常检出率有增加的趋势。多因素的非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示嚼槟榔年限(年)、嚼槟榔片数(片/d)为口腔黏膜健康的影响因素(OR=1.498和1.510)。结论长时间大量咀嚼槟榔可能损伤口腔黏膜健康。

Study on the impact of betel nut chewing on the health status of oral mucosa in Xiangtan City and Changde City in Hunan Province

Objective To investigate the impact of betel nut chewing on the health status of oral mucosa and the influencing Methods Questionnaire survey and examination of oral mucosa were conducted in betel nut chewers selected by multi- stage random sampling method in Xiangtan City and Changde City in Hunan Province. The data were analyzed by SPSS13.0. Results Oral mucosa diseases were detected in 12.4 % among 524 residents with record of betel nut chewing, and in 2.5 % among 512 residents without betel nut chewing. The difference was significant （P 〈 0.05）. Oral mucous fibrosis, mucous hyperemia and limitation of mouth opening were significantly related with betel nut chewing. No associations were ob- served between betel nut chewing and oral diseases like oral ulcer, bleeding, oral leukoplakia, oral leukokeratosis, lichen planus, leukoderma and limitation of tongue activities. The risk factors of oral mucosa disea~ included gender, age, history of betel nut chewing and hobbies of smoking and drinking. The factors like living area, addiction to pepper, tooth - brushing and gun - chewing were not significantly correlated with oral mucosa diseases. The X2 trend test showed that the abnormality rate of oral mucosa diseases increased with the increment of betel nut chewing tablets. Non- conditional logistic multivariate regression analy- sis indicated that years and tablets （tablets/day） of betel nut chewing were influencing factors affecting the health of oral mucosa （ OR = 1. 498,1.510）. Conclusions Long - term betel nut chewing may damage the oral mucosa.