IFAT及ELISA检测狂犬病疫苗接种者早期血清抗体结果分析

目的观察接种狂犬病疫苗人群早期抗体产生水平,探讨国产ELISA试剂盒用于检测狂犬病疫苗接种人群早期狂犬病抗体水平的可行性及其在狂犬病防治中的实用性。方法应用IFAT及ELISA法检测狂犬病疫苗接种者血清狂犬病毒抗体,以ROC分析各检测方法的特异性、敏感性。结果对第14d、30d血清检测,各方法检出的抗体阳性率之间存在高度显著性差异,其中以ELISA-AROC曲线下的面积最大。应用不同批号ELISA-A检测第14、30及45d血清,仅第14d血清各抗体阳性率之间存在高度显著性差异,而第30、45d无显著性差异,第30、45d血清抗体阳性率及抗体滴度均普遍高于第14d。结论不同产家的狂犬病抗体ELISA检测试剂盒质量存在极大差异;其中以ELISA-A特异性、敏感性最好。试剂盒质量对第14d血清检测结果的影响要大于对第30、45d血清的检测结果,目前国产ELISA试剂盒不宜用于狂犬病疫苗接种者早期血清学免疫效果评价。

Analysis of the early stage antibodies in sera of the subjects immunized with rabies vaccine with IFAT and ELISA

To observe the levels of the early antibodies in sera of the subjects immunized with rabies vaccine, the antibody levels were determined by IFAT and ELISA and the specificity and sensitivity of the tests were evaluated with ROC analysis. It was found that the positive rates of antibodies against rabies virus existed significant differences between the serum samples taken from 14th and 30th day, in which the area under the ROC curve of ELISA-A was the biggest one. By using various lots of ELISA-A the positive rate of antibodies from sera taken on the 14th day existed notable difference, but the others were not. Yet, the antibody titers of sera taken on the 30th and 45th day were universally higher than that of sera taken on the 14th day. It is concluded that the qualities of various lots of ELISA kits exist great differences, and the local made ELISA kits are not suitable for evaluation of the immune efficiency of rabies vaccine