军人心理健康相关危险因素分析

目的 探讨影响军人心理健康的相关危险因素,为早期有针对性的心理干预提供依据.方法抽取某部陆军官兵1 201名,采用军人心理疾病预测量表和军人职业压力量表进行测评分析.结果 入组被试心理障碍检出率为19.23%,34.41%的个体感觉到明显的职业压力.军人心理疾病预测量表心理障碍各因子分与心理素质各因子分、军人职业压力量表总分和各因子分均呈显著正相关(R=0.061-0.670,P＜0.05或0.01).心理防御不良、应激源、成长经历和领导能力是影响军人心理健康的主要危险因素;社会支持缺乏、个性内向、家族和既往史、个人发展、军旅特殊生活、人际关系、婚姻家庭和年龄对军人心理健康均有显著性影响(P＜0.05或0.01);军龄、文化程度、职务和角色不清因子等对军人心理健康水平也有不同程度的影响(P＜0.05或0.01).结论 心理防御不良、负性应激事件及过高的职业压力可能是影响军人心理健康的重要危险因素;评估军人心理健康状况,对部队开展心理健康教育具有重要意义.

Related risk factors associated with soldier's mental health

Objective To explore risk factors associated with soldiers＇ mental health in order to provide reference to early targeted psychological intervention. Methods Assessments were carried out in 1,201 army officers and soldiers with the Mental Disorder Prediction Scale for Servicemen （MDPSS） and Military Occupational Stress Scale （MOSS）. Results The detection rate of mental disorders were 19.23%, 34.41 percent of individual had apparent occupational stress. All mental disorders scores of MDPSS were significantly positively related to psychological diathesis scores, the total and each factor score of the MOSS （R= 0. 061-0. 670, P〈0.05 or 0.01）. Main risk factors influencing mental health of servicemen were un healthy psychological defense, stressor, growth experience and leadership. Such factors had significant influences on soldiers＇ mental health as social support absence, introversion, family and previous history, personal development, military Circumstance, interpersonal relationship, marriage, family and age （P〈 0.05 or 0.01）. Such factors had various degrees of influences on soldiers＇ mental health as length of service in the army, educational level, duty and role unclearness. Conclusion Important risk factors influencing soldiers＇ mental health are unhealth psychological defense, negative stress events and exorbitant occupational stress; assessing soldiers＇ mental health status has important significance to carry out mental health education in army.