以电脑三维骨骼肌肉模型作生物力学分析在运动科学及医学上的意义与应用

将生理学、工程分析和计算机三维图像技术结合起来打开了创造"虚拟人"的大门。本文报道了一种具有广泛应用基础且功能齐全的人类肌肉骨骼系统的生理生物力学仿真技术。该仿真技术从结构水平、静态和动态模型的可视化结果上,并综合利用生物力学分析及图形化建模的专业知识来研究骨骼关节和软组织的力学性能,可与人体组织符合的模型包括假体植入物、内固定系统、功能康复锻炼装置,以及一个功能强大的计算平台联合在一起形成一个可在不同边界及加载条件下作静态、动态、动力学、应力及应变分析的应用软件系统及数据库—简称为VIMS(Virtua

Graphic musculoskeletal model for biomechanical analyses and animation in sport sciences and medicine

The ability to combine physiology and engineering analyses with computer graphics has opened the door to the possibility of creating the "Virtual Human" reality. This paper presents a broad foundation for a full-featured biomechanical simulator for the human musculoskeletal system physiology. This simulation technology unites the expertise in biomechanical analysis and graphic modeling to investigate joint and connective tissue mechanics at the structural level and to visualize the results in both static and animated forms together with the model. Adaptable anatomical models including prosthetic implants, fracture fixation devices, rehab and exercise equipment and a robust computational platform for static, kinematic, kinetic, and stress analyses under varying boundary and loading conditions are incorporated in the utility software system and the database, the VIMS (Virtual Interactive Musculoskeletal System). In the database, long bone geometry, dimensions, connective tissue material properties and a library of skeletal joint system functional activities and loading conditions are also available and they can easily be modified, updated and expanded. Application software is available for the end-users to perform biomechanical analyses interactively. Examples using the graphic models and the computational algorithms in a virtual laboratory environment for: 1) biomechanical analysis of skeletal kinematics; 2) shoulder joint force and contact pressure distribution in overhead activities; 3) hip joint contact pressure distribution in activities of daily living; 4) ankle joint contact stress and ligament loading during gait; 5) ankle injury and therapeutic management simulation; 6) knee continued passive motion and computer-aided rehabilitation; are used to demonstrate the utility of the unique database and the biomechanical simulation technology. This integrated system will impact on sport sciences and medicine through basic research, athlete screening/training, injury prevention and rehabilitation to benefit both the elite and recreational athletes.