深圳市市售酒类塑化剂检测结果分析与风险评估

目的 通过检测深圳市售酒中塑化剂的含量,了解塑化剂在酒中迁移污染状况并对其健康风险进行评估,为酒类食品安全提供科学依据。 方法 2014－2016年依据深圳市食品安全风险监测方案,对深圳十个区市售酒类进行采样,按照国家食品污染物监测手册的检测方法进行酒中塑化剂的检测。 结果 全市2014－2016年共检测酒类样品505份,塑化剂超标23份,超标率为4.55%,不同年度间超标率差异有统计学意义(χ²=6.949,P=0.031),呈现逐年下降趋势(χ²_趋势=4.273,P=0.039), 2014年最高(8.13%),2015年最低(2.67%)。主要超标项目是邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutyl phthalate,DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, DEHP)。不同酒类品种塑化剂超标率由高到低依次为其他酒(6.45%)、白酒(5.26%)、红酒(1.96%),但差异无统计学意义(χ²=3.658,P=0.161)。不同采样地点塑化剂超标率坪山区最高(6.06%),龙华区最低(2.63%),但不同区域超标率差异无统计学意义(χ²=1.351,P=0.998)。风险评估显示,深圳市居民每天通过酒类摄入的DBP和DEHP的量分别为0.14 g/(kg·bw)和 0.268 g/(kg·bw),未超过国家食品安全风险评估专家委员会提出的两种物质的每日耐受摄入量DBP:0. 01 mg/(kg·bw),DEHP: 50 μg/(kg·bw)]。 结论 2014－2016年深圳市售酒类存在塑化剂不同程度的迁移污染,呈逐年下降趋势,主要超标项目是DBP和DEHP,但其含量对饮酒者的健康风险处于可接受范围内。

Detection results and risk assessment of plasticizerin marketed alcohol in Shenzhen city

Objective To investigate the transfer and pollution status of plasticizer in alcohol and evaluate its health risk by determining its concentration in marketed alcohol in Shenzhen so as to provide a scientific basis for alcohol safety. Methods Alcohol was sampled in ten districts of Shenzhen city in 2014-2016 based on the Food Safety Risk Monitoring Manual in Shenzhen. Plasticizer in alcohol was determined according to the detection methods listed in the National Food Pollutant Monitoring Manual. Results A total of 505 alcohol samples were collected for plasticizer determination in Shenzhen city from 2014 to 2016,and 23 samples exceeded the standard, with the over-standard rate of 4.55%. The over-standard ratedisplayed a decreasing tendency year by year (χ²_tendency=4.273, P=0.039), and it was found to be the highest in 2014 (8.13%), but the lowest in 2015 (2.67%), with statistically significant differences in different years (χ²=6.949, P=0.031).The main excessive items were dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). The over-standard rates of plasticizer in different alcohol ranked from high to low as follows: 6.45% for other alcohol, 5.26% for liquor and 1.96% for red wine, without statistically significant differences(χ²=3.658, P=0.161). The over-standard rate of plasticizer was found to be the highest in Pingshan district (6.06%), but the lowest in Longhua district (2.63%), without statistically significant differences in different sampling sites(χ²=1.351,P=0.998). Health risk assessment indicated that DBP and DEHP intake via alcohol among residents in Shenzhen city was 0.14 g/(kg·bw) and 0.268 g/(kg·bw) respectively, which were far below the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of DBP 0.01 mg/(kg·bw) and DEHP (50 μg/(kg·bw)] set by the National Expert Committee for Food Safety Risk Assessment. Conclusions Different degrees of plasticizer transfer and pollution were found in marketed alcohol in Shenzhen city during 2014-2016, but they presented a decreasing tendency year by year. The main excessive items were DBP and DEHP, but their health risk for drinkers was within the acceptable levels.