甘肃省定西市居民传染病防治素养水平及其影响因素研究

目的 分析甘肃省定西市居民传染病防治素养水平现状及其影响因素,为传染病的预控提供科学依据。 方法 采用分层随机抽样方法,对两个城市社区和两个行政村4个调查现场共计1 000名15~69岁常住居民采用《公众传染病防治素养水平测试问卷》进行问卷调查。 结果 甘肃省定西市城乡居民传染病健康素养具备率为4.0%;意识素养、知识素养、技能素养、行为素养、信息素养具备率分别为38.3%、6.4%、6.1%、10.6%和10.9%。农村地区(1.3%)、汉族(3.6%)、不识字/识字很少(1.6%)、农民(1%)、月收入低于1 000元(0.9%)和身体自评状况不好者(1.9%)传染病健康素养水平较低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析影响居民传染病健康素养水平的是民族、职业和自评身体状况,医务人员传染病防治素养高于其他人群(OR=6.526,95%CI:1.743～24.442), 汉族居民传染病知识素养具备率低于少数民族(OR=0.085,95%CI=0.017～0.430),身体状况不好的居民要比身体状况好的居民更有可能具有传染病健康素养。 结论 甘肃省定西市居民传染病防治素养水平较低。以老年人、文化程度低、家庭收入低、汉族农民等人群为重点,进一步加大传染病防治知识的宣传力度,有效的预防和控制传染性疾病。

Status and influencing factors of health literacy related to infectious diseases among residents in Dingxi City,Gansu Province

Objective To analyze the current status of health literacy regarding infectious disease prevention and control and its influencing factors among residents in Dingxi City, Gansu Province, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of infectious diseases. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to select a total of 1,000 residents aged 15-69 years from 2 urban communities and 2 administrative villages in Dingxi City, Gansu Province, and then a questionnaire survey was conducted by using the Health Literacy Assessment Questionnaire of Infectious Diseases for Chinese residents. Results The health literacy attainment rate of infectious diseasesin the urban and rural residents in Dingxi City, Gansu Province was 4.0%. The attainment rates of awareness, knowledge, skills, behavior and information literacy were 38.3%, 6.4%, 6.1%, 10.6% and 10.9% respectively. Rural areas (1.3%), the Hans (3.6%), illiteracies/semiliterates (1.6%), farmers (1%), residents with monthly income less than 1,000 Yuan (0.9%) and residents with poorself-ratedhealth status (1.9%) had poor health literacy concerning infectious diseases, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Multi-factorial analysis showed that the residents’ status of health literacy regarding infectious diseases was affected by ethnic group, occupation and self-rated health status. Medical professionals’ status of health literacy regarding infectious disease prevention and treatment was superior to other groups (OR=6.526, 95%CI:1.743-24.442). The attainment rate of knowledge literacy was lower in the Hans than in ethnic minorities (OR=0.085, 95%CI:0.017-0.430). Residents with poor health status were more likely to have health literacy concerning infectious diseases compared with those with good health status. Conclusions The status of health literacy regarding infectious disease prevention and treatment among the residents in Dingxi City, Gansu Province is poor. It is necessary to pay special attention to the elderly, residents with poor educational background or low family income, the Han farmers and other groups and further enhance the propaganda about infectious disease prevention and treatment knowledge so as to effectively prevent and control infectious diseases.