芜湖市学龄前儿童饮食模式与情绪行为问题的关联研究

目的 描述学龄前儿童饮食模式的类型,探讨学龄前儿童饮食模式与情绪行为问题之间的相关性。方法 2016年5月对芜湖市9所幼儿园1 912名3～6岁学龄前儿童进行问卷调查,应用自编食物频率表(food frequency questionnaire, FFQ)评估儿童的饮食模式,运用儿童长处和困难问卷(SDQ)(父母版)对儿童情绪和行为问题进行评估,运用二分类非条件回归模型分析学龄前儿童饮食模式与情绪行为问题的关联。结果 芜湖市学龄前儿童情绪与行为问题异常总检出率为51%。儿童饮食模式可分为4种类型,累计贡献率为48.23%。“加工零食型”高分组儿童情绪与行为异常检出率显著高于中分组儿童(χ²=10.247,P<0.001)。“健康营养型”高分组与中分组儿童情绪与行为异常检出率显著均低于低分组儿童(P<0.012 5)。适量摄入粗粮、豆制品儿童的情绪与行为异常检出率低于摄入少的儿童(χ²=9.364,P=0.001)。“蛋奶型”饮食不同组别的儿童情绪与行为异常检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。logistic回归分析显示,“健康营养型”饮食(OR=0.635,95%CI:0.481~0.839)、适量摄入粗粮、豆制品(OR=0.734,95%CI:0.592~0.910)是学龄前儿童情绪与行为问题的保护因素,“加工零食型”饮食(OR=1.522,95%CI:1.126~2.056)可增加儿童发生情绪与行为问题的发生风险。结论 饮食模式与学龄前儿童情绪行为密切相关,“健康营养型”和适量粗粮、豆制品的食物摄入有益于儿童的心理健康。

Correlation of dietary patterns with emotional and behavioral problems among preschoolers in Wuhu City

Objective To describe the dietary patterns in preschoolers, and to explore their correlation with emotional and behavioral problems. Methods A total of 1,912 preschoolers aged 3-6 years were selected from nine kindergartens in Wuhu City in May, 2015. A self-designed food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to evaluate the preschoolers’ dietary patterns, the parental version of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to assess their emotional and behavioral problems, and binary unconditioned Logistic regression model to analyze the association of different dietary patterns with emotional and behavioral problems in the preschoolers. Results The total incidence rate of emotional and behavioral problems in the preschoolers in Wuhu City was 51%. Four dietary patterns were identified in the preschoolers, and the data showed that the total variance was 48.23%. The incidence rate of emotional and behavioral problems was significantly higher in preschoolers of high-score group with processed-food and snack dietary pattern than in ones of middle-score group (χ²=10.247, P<0.001). The incidence rate of emotional and behavioral problems was significantly lower in preschoolers of high- and middle-score groups with healthy and nutritional dietary pattern than in ones of low-score group (P<0.012,5). The incidence rate of emotional and behavioral problems was lower in preschoolers with a proper intake of coarse grain and bean products in comparison with ones with a small amount of intake of the above-mentioned food (χ²=9.364,P=0.001). No statistically significant difference was found in the incidence rate of emotional and behavioral problems among high-, middle- and low-score groups with egg and milk dietary pattern (P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that healthy and nutritional dietary pattern (OR=0.635, 95%CI:0.481-0.839) and a proper intake of coarse grain and bean products(OR=0.734,95%CI:0.592-0.910) were protective factors of emotional and behavioral problems among the preschoolers, but processed-food and snack dietary pattern (OR=1.522, 95%CI:1.126-2.056) could increase the risk of occurrence of emotional and behavioral problems. Conclusions Dietary patterns are closely related to the preschoolers’ emotion and behavior. Healthy and nutritional dietary pattern and a proper intake of coarse grain and bean products are conducive to the preschoolers’ mental health.