武汉市农村生活饮用水化学污染物健康风险评价

目的 了解武汉市农村生活饮用水中污染物浓度水平,并通过健康风险评价初步评估水体污染物对成人及儿童身体健康的潜在危害度。 方法 对2017年武汉市农村饮用水中17个指标的浓度进行调查,并利用美国环保局推荐的风险评估模型进行健康风险评价。 结果 武汉市农村饮用水中5种化学致癌物和12种非致癌物所引起的成人和儿童总健康风险分别为2.58×10^-5/a和3.61×10^-5/a,其中化学致癌物的健康风险值大于非致癌物的健康风险值,占总健康风险的99.99%。化学致癌物所致成人和儿童的健康风险值由高到低均依次为铬(六价)＞砷＞镉＞三氯甲烷＞四氯化碳,非致癌物所致成人和儿童的非致癌健康风险值由高到低均依次为铅＞氟化物＞铜＞汞＞硝酸盐＞锰＞铁=锌＞硒＞氰化物＞氨氮＞挥发性酚。化学致癌物和非致癌物对儿童的健康风险均高于成人。 结论 武汉市农村饮用水中污染物所致成人和儿童总健康风险在美国环保局和国际放射防护委员会推荐的最大可接受风险度(1×10^-4/a和5×10^-5/a)范围内。

Health risk assessment of chemical pollutants in rural drinking water in Wuhan city

Objective To investigate the concentration levels of pollutants in rural drinking water in Wuhan city, and to preliminarily evaluate the potential health risks of water pollutants to the health of adults and children. Methods The concentration of 17 indices in rural drinking water in Wuhan city in 2017 was tested. And health risk assessment was conducted by using the risk assessment model recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Results The total health risks caused by 5 chemical carcinogens and 12 non-carcinogens in drinking water in adults and children were 2.58×10^-5/annual and 3.61×10^-5/annual, respectively, of which the health risks caused by chemical carcinogens were greater than those caused by non-carcinogens, accounting for 99.99% of the total health risks. The chemical carcinogens-induced health risk values in adult and children had the sequence of chromium (Ⅵ)＞arsenic＞cadmium＞trichloroethane＞carbon tetrachloride, while the non-carcinogens-induced non-carcinogenic health riskvalues in adult and children had the sequence of lead > fluoride > copper > mercury > nitrate > manganese > iron=zinc > selenium > cyanide > ammonia nitrogen > volatile phenol. The health risks induced by chemical carcinogens and non-carcinogens in children were higher than those in adults. Conclusions The total health risks caused by pollutants in rural drinking water in adults and children in Wuhan city are within the maximum acceptable risk ranges (1×10^-4/annual and 5×10^-5/annual) recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the International Radiological Protection Commission.