深圳市中老年人群脑卒中患病率及影响因素分析

目的探讨深圳市中老年人群脑卒中的患病率及其相关因素,为脑卒中的防控研究提供依据。方法于2013年3月-2015年4月,采用整群抽样的方法选取深圳市3个社区筛查点12 908例40岁及以上常住居民为研究对象,结合问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检查等方法进行筛查,利用logistic逐步回归分析探讨脑卒中患病率主要相关因素。结果深圳市中老年人群脑卒中粗患病率为4.06%,男性脑卒中的患病率(5.46%)高于女性(2.89%)(χ~2=48.79,P<0.001)。年龄(50岁组:OR=1.72,95%CI:1.23~2.40;60岁组:OR=2.23,95%CI:1.60~3.09;70岁组:OR=3.93,,95%CI:2.81~5.48)、男性(OR=1.74,95%CI:1.38~2.18)、非在婚(OR=1.90,95%CI:1.27~2.84)、无医疗保险(OR=1.51,95%CI:1.21~1,88)、有卒中家族史(OR=2.92,95%CI:2.21~3.86)、饮酒频率(偶尔:OR=0.55,95%CI:0.39~0.79;经常:OR=0.55,95%CI:0.33~0.91)、吸烟(现在吸烟:OR=1.59,95%CI:1.19~2.14;戒烟:OR=2.53,95%CI:1.74~3.70)、口味偏咸(OR=2.41,95%CI:1.96~2.96)、水果摄入不足(OR=1.75,95%CI:1.44~2.14)、奶类及奶制品摄入不足(OR=1.28,95%CI:1.04~1,58)、缺乏体力活动(OR=1.32,95%CI:1.04~1,58)、高血压(OR=1.31,95%CI:1.07~1,61)及高同型半氨酸血症(OR=1.69,95%CI:1.37~2.04)与中老年人脑卒中患病密切相关。结论深圳市中老年人群脑卒中患病率较高。影响中老年人脑卒中患病的因素较多,建议针对不同人群特征制定干预措施,以有效地开展脑卒中的防控工作。

Prevalence rate and influencing factors of stroke among the middle-aged and elderly population in Shenzhen city

Objective To explore the prevalence rate of stoke and its associated factors among the middle-aged and elderly population in Shenzhen city, and to provide a basis for study of stroke prevention and control. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select 12,908 permanent residents aged 40 years and above from three community screening points in Shenzhen city from March 2013 and April 2015 to serve as the research subjects. All participants were screened using standardized questionnaires, physical examination and laboratory testing. Logistic stepwise regression analysis was employed to identify the main related factors for the prevalence of stroke. Resultss The crude prevalence rate of stroke in the middle-aged and elderly population in Shenzhen city was 4.06%, and the prevalence rate of stroke was higher in males than in females (5.46% vs. 2.89%, χ²=48.791, P<0.001). Age (the 50-59 year age group: OR=1.72, 95%CI:1.23-2.40; 60-69 year age group: OR=2.23, 95%CI:1.60-3.09; ≥70 year age group: OR=3.93, 95%CI:2.81-5.48), males (OR=1.74, 95%CI:1.38-2.18), unmarried status (OR=1.90, 95%CI:1.27-2.84), without medical insurance (OR=1.51, 95%CI:1.21-1.88), having a family history of stroke (OR=2.92, 95%CI:2.21-3.86), frequency of alcohol consumption (occasionally: OR=0.55, 95%CI:0.39-0.79; often: OR=0.55, 95%CI:0.33-0.91), smoking (current smoking: OR=1.59, 95%CI: 1.19-2.14; quitting smoking: OR=2.53, 95%CI:1.74-3.70), excessive salt intake (OR=2.41, 95%CI:1.96-2.96), inadequate intake of fruit (OR=1.75, 95%CI: 1.44-2.14), inadequate intake of milk and dairy products (OR=1.28, 95%CI:1.04-1.58), physical inactivity (OR=1.32, 95%CI:1.04-1.58), hypertension (OR=1.31, 95%CI: 1.07-1.61) and high homocysteine (OR=1.69, 95%CI:1.37-2.04) were closely related to the prevalence of stroke among the middle-aged and elderly. Conclusions The prevalence rate of stroke in the middle-aged and elderly population in Shenzhen city was high. The factors affecting the prevalence of stroke are complex and various. The results suggest that it is necessary to formulate intervention measures based on different demographic characteristics so as to effectively conduct stroke prevention and control.