辽宁省肺癌高发农村地区1 381名肺癌高危人群筛查结果分析

目的 分析肺癌高危筛查人群特征及高危因素,为完善肺癌筛查方案提供依据。 方法 根据《癌症早诊早治肺癌筛查及早诊早治技术方案2015年试行版》,在辽宁省肺癌高发地区(丹东东港市和朝阳北票市)利用问卷对肺癌高危人群进行筛查,分析高危人群的分布情况及高危因素对肺癌的影响。 结果 52 600人纳入筛查覆盖范围,从中筛选出符合高危标准的1 381人。 在高危人群中,吸烟暴露率最高为95.51%,室内污染暴露率80.38%,职业史、既往疾病史和家族史暴露率分别为1.81%、19.19%和26.00%,多个危险因素暴露率为95.94%,其中吸烟与室内污染同时暴露率为76.76%。通过低剂量螺旋CT检查,检出肺癌患者15例,检出率为1.09%,15名肺癌检出者均暴露于吸烟或室内空气污染。 结论 吸烟和室内污染在高危人群中分布最广,包含了99.13%的高危人群和100%肺癌阳性人群,提示可以简化筛查条目,即仅通过吸烟和室内污染情况筛查人群,减少筛查时间,并可避免因隐私、记忆等问题不愿意暴露或者描述不清自己或者亲属的状况发生。

Results of screening for lung cancer among 1,381 high-risk adults in rural areaswith high incidence of lung cancer in Liaoning province

Objective To analyze the characteristics and high-risk factors of lung cancer screening population so as to provide a basis for improving lung cancer screening program. Methods According to the Technical Scheme for Early Diagnosis and Early Treatment of Cancer and Screening, Early Diagnosis and Early Treatment of Lung Cancer in 2015 Trial Edition, a questionnaire was used to screen high-risk population in Dandong Donggang city and Chaoyang Beipiao city where were the high-incidence areas of lung cancer in Liaoning province. The distribution of high-risk population and the impact of high-risk factors on lung cancer were analyzed. Results A total of 52,600 adults were enrolled into the screening program, and 1,381 high-risk adults were selected. Among the high-risk population, the highest smoking exposure rate was 95.51%, the indoor pollution exposure rate was 80.38%, and the exposure rates of occupational history, past disease history and family history were 1.81%, 19.19% and 26.00%, respectively. The exposure rate of multiple risk factors was 95.94%, and the simultaneous exposure rate of smoking and indoor pollution was 76.76%. 15 cases of lung cancer were detected after taking low-dose multi-slice spiral CT examination, and the detection rate was 1.09%. All cases of lung cancer were exposed to smoking or indoor air pollution. Conclusions Smoking and indoor pollution are very common in high-risk population, including 99.13% of high-risk group and 100% of lung cancer-positive group. The results suggest that screening items can be simplified. Using only two items, namely smoking and indoor pollution, in the screening can reduce screening time, and help to avoid unwilling exposure or unclear description of their own or relatives’ information due to privacy, memory and other reasons.