郑州市中学生亚健康现状及其影响因素分析

目的探讨郑州市中学生亚健康现状及其影响因素,为河南省制定中学生亚健康预防干预策略提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法、在郑州市随机抽取初中2所、高中2所,初一、初二、高一和高二4个年级共1 461名中学生进行青少年亚健康多维评定问卷和自编中学生亚健康影响因素问卷调查。结果郑州市中学生身心亚健康症状检出率为67.15%,身心亚健康状态检出率为25.26%,男生躯体亚健康症状检出率高于女生,高中生躯体亚健康症状、心理亚健康症状和身心亚健康症状检出率均高于初中生(均P<0.05)。非单亲家庭、三餐饮食规律、采纳食物多样、荤素搭配饮食、少熬夜、增加课外锻炼时间、减少上网时间、学习成绩中下等以上、学业负担小、有3位以上知心朋友均可降低中学生身心亚健康状态(均P<0.05)。结论郑州市中学生亚健康状况较严重,可能与不健康生活方式和学业负担较大等危险因素有关,建议采取健康教育知识讲座、心理指导、体育社团活动等有效的干预措施。

Current status of sub-health and its influencing factors among middle school students in Zhengzhou city

Objective To study the current status of sub-health and its influencing factors among secondary school students in Zhengzhou city, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating sub-health prevention and intervention strategies for middle school students. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select a total of 1,461 middle school students from grades seven through eight in two junior middle schools as well as from grades ten through eleven in two high schools in Zhengzhou city, and then surveys were conducted by using Multi-dimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents (MSQA) and a self-designed questionnaire on factors influencing middle school students’ sub-health. Resultss The detection rates of physical and mental sub-health symptoms and status in middle school students in Zhengzhou city were 67.15% and 25.26%, respectively. The detection rate of physical sub-health symptoms was higher in male students than in female ones. The detection rates of physical sub-health symptoms, mental sub-health symptoms and physical and mental sub-health symptoms were all higher in high school students than in junior middle school students (all P<0.05). The physical and mental sub-health status of middle school students could be alleviated by the influencing factors like non-single parent family, good dietary habits, eating various food, diets with proper amounts of meat, vegetables and fruit, less staying up late, longer exercise time, shorter Internet time, better academic achievement, lower academic burden and having more than three intimate friends (all P<0.05). Conclusions The sub-health status of middle school students in Zhengzhou city is severe, which may be related to the risk factors such as unhealthy lifestyle and heavy academic burden. It is suggested to take effective intervention measures like lectures on health education knowledge, psychological guidance and sports club activities.