Hormonal Regulation of Sertoli Cells

The Sertoli cell is the primary target within the testis for both FSH and androgens. FSH binds to cell surface receptors, alters cyclic nucleotide metabolism and affects Ca⁺⁺ flux. Cyclic AMP and Ca⁺⁺, via an intracellular receptor protein, the calcium-dependent regulator (CDR), control the cytoskeletal network which is comprised of microtubules and microfilaments. By affecting these intracellular components FSH regulates specific protein secretion and cell motility. In addition FSH results in an overall stimulation of protein synthesis and specifically modulates the levels of at least two intracellular regulatory proteins. Androgens bind to a specific cytoplasmic receptor which is translocated into the nucleus of interphase cells. This class of steroids is also involved in androgen binding protein metabolism but the precise mechanism of control is unknown. The interrelationships of FSH and androgen in the control of spermatogenesis is discussed. In addition, consideration is given to the possible development of male contraceptive by interfering with various steps in the mechanism of action of peptide and steroid hormones upon the Sertoli cell.