早产儿和足月儿屈光不正的分布和临床特点

目的:观察和分析儿童眼科门诊就诊的屈光不正3～7岁患儿,有早产史和足月产史的患儿的屈光不正的特点和差异.方法:屈光不正179例(358眼),分为2组:早产史者51人,足月产者128人.1%阿托品眼膏散瞳进行视网膜带状光剪影验光.结果:足月儿的屈光不正患儿中,以远视多见,占157/256眼(61.3%),对比有早产儿屈光不正的远视发病25/102(24.5%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).有早产儿屈光不正中,以散光发病为主,占81/102眼(79.4%),尤以高度散光、混合散光多见,相对与足月儿,其散光发病,高度散光发病和混合散光发病眼数的差异均有显著性(P<0.05).结论:散光,尤其是高度散光、复杂的混合散光是有早产儿童视力低下的重要原因.临床上散光与弱视的形成关系密切相关,因此不能忽略早产儿童视力发育.最早可提前到2岁即可进行屈光筛查.

Refractive error's distribution and clinical characteristics of preterm and full-term children

PURPOSE:To observe the abnormal refractive state and clinical characteristics in preterm and full-term children in the department of pediatric ophthalmology. METHODS:The ocular refraction status of 358 eyes in 51 preterm and 128 full-term children were checked by retinoscopy in dilated pupil after being used atropine eye drop． RESULTS:There were 157 eyes with hyperopia accounting for 61.3% in preterm children, 25 eyes with hyperopia accounting for 24.5% in full-term children. The main type of refractive errors in preterm children was astigmatism, especially high-astigmatism, mixed astigmatism. And the morbidity of astigmatism, hyper-astigmatism, mixed astigmatism in preterm children was higher than those in full-term children. CONCLUSION:Astigmatism, especially high astigmatism and complex mixed astigmatism are important reasons for low vision in preterm children. Clinically, there is close relationship between astigmatism and amblyopia. So it can not be ignored with preterm children's visual development, and refractive screening could be bring forward to two years old.