延边朝鲜族自治州1954～1984年流行性出血热流行病学调查

本文对延边地区(1954～1984年)发生的7,802例流行性出血进行了流行病学调查和分析。结果表明,本病在本地区的流行具有散发及变动的灶状分布特点;有明显的季节性,系单峰型;出血热的爆发流行则并非受按月分布的普通性流行规律所制约;青壮年(农民)男性多发;朝鲜族的发病率明显高于汉族。本病在啮齿动物中,属多宿主性。其中,黑线姬鼠、褐家鼠、东方田鼠与出血热的关系最为密切;爆发流行则与林姬鼠、棕背(鼠平)、红背(鼠平)等有关。不能排除出血热有多种传播途经的可能性,但虫媒传播能比较完满地解释本病的许多流行表现。还讨论了出血热的预防,并强调了采取以防鼠灭鼠为中心的综合性预防措施的重要性。

Thirty Year's Epidemiological Survey on Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever in Yanbian

Epidemic hemorrhagic fever(EHF) has been prevailed in Yan bian for more than 40 years. The thirty year's (1954-1984) epidemiological survey and analysis of 7802 cases of EHF showed that the characteristic of prevalence of the disease in the area is sporadic and changeable focal distribution and a strong seasonal, mono-peak type. The study showed that the outbreak of EHF does not follow the general epidemic rule. The disease is popular among the young and middle-aged men (farmers), and the morbidity is much higher in Koreans than in Han nationality. EHF in Yanbian is a kind of heleroxeuons disease. Generally, species such as Apodemus agrarius, Rattus norvegicus and Microtus fortis are closely related to EHF, but the outbreak is largely due to Apodemus speciosus, Clethrionomus rufocanus and Clethr ionomus rutilus. According to the epidemic characteristic of EHF in Yanbian, entomophilous transmission theory gives a satisfactory explanation to the epidemic behavior of the disease, although the possibility of multiple routes of infecion can not be excluded. The synthetic preventional measures of EHF, including eradication of rats also discussed