上海市外来初中生与本地生学校适应、家庭功能及自尊水平的比较研究

目的:比较外来中学生与上海本地学生自尊、家庭功能以及学校适应的状况,并探讨家庭功能、学校适应及社会经济因素对自尊的影响。方法:采用问卷法共收集浦东612名初中生自尊、家庭功能、学校适应及一般社会人口学的数据。结果:①外来中学生多为农村户籍,且住房状况、家庭收入、父母文化水平显著低于本地学生(P<0.001)。②外来中学生自尊、学业适应、同伴关系、家庭亲密与适应得分均显著低于本地学生。③社会经济因素、学校适应、家庭亲密对初中生自尊水平有显著的影响。结论:外来中学生自尊水平显著低于本地学生;同伴关系、家庭经济水平特别影响外来中学生的自尊水平。

A Comparison of School Adaptation, Family Function and Self-esteem Between Internal Migrant Middle School Students and Resident Students in Shanghai

Objective: This study compared self-esteem,family function,and school adaptation between migrant students and native students in Shanghai,and examined to what extent school adaptation,family function,and socioeconomic status(SES),accounted for students’ self-esteem.Methods: Data were collected from reports of 612 middle school students in the outskirts of Pudong New area district,Shanghai,by self-evaluation questionnaires including the School Adjustment questionnaire,the Self-Esteem Scale,and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale.Results: ①When compared with local students,migrant students were more likely to be from rural areas,and had no house in Shanghai(P<0.001).Migrants students’ family income and parental education level were overwhelmingly worse than that of natives(P<0.001).②Migrant students reported significantly lower self-esteem,worse school performance and peer association,and poorer family cohesion and adaptability than native students.③Results yielded by a hierarchical regression showed that SES,migrant status,school adaptation,and family cohesion were important predictors of adolescents’ self-esteem.Conclusion: Migrant students showed significantly lower levels of self-esteem than their local peers,especially peer relations,and family income are essential for migrant adolescents’ self-esteem.