肠内肠外营养治疗的并发症的发生及处理

肠内肠外营养支持是近年来广泛开展的治疗措施.然而,在实施中常因技术操作不当或营养物制备不完善而产生多种并发症,主要有:(1)技术性并发症,如气胸、动静脉损伤、导管错位、空气栓塞、静脉血栓形成、导管堵塞等.此类并发症近年已少见.(2)感染.近年加强护理及严格无菌技术其发生率已明显降低.(3)代谢并发症,包括高糖及低糖血症、肝功异常、蛋白代谢及脂代谢紊乱等.只要提高认识加强预防均可避免其发生.

The development and management of complications associated with enteral and parenteral nutritional support

Recently, enteral and parenteral nutritional support have been widely used in clinical medicine. However, owing to the malpractice in catheterization or in preparation of nutrient materials, complications, mainly the following three groups may develop: (1)technical complications, eg. pneumothorax, injuries to the veins or arteries, catheter malposition, air embolism, thrombosis and blockege of the catheter etc. Since the improvement in catheterization technique,these complications become rare in recent years. (2) Infections, the most common complications of TPN, with gradual declining incidence in recent years due to improvement in nursing care and aseptic manipulation. (3) Metabolic complications including hyper-and hypoglycemia, abnormalities in liver function, protein as well as lipid metabolisms etc, which are avoidable whenever their occurrence has been awared and prevented.