抗肿瘤DNA疫苗的研究近况

DNA疫苗技术在近十年来取得了显著的进步,而它在肿瘤预防和治疗领域的优势,使得抗肿瘤的DNA疫苗成为当前医药界的一个研究热点。文章主要介绍了一些作为DNA疫苗免疫靶点的肿瘤抗原,包括已经鉴定并进入临床试验研究和潜在的.可作为治疗靶点的肿瘤抗原,并着重介绍了如何解决由于肿瘤抗原作为一种自身抗原而导致的抗肿瘤DNA疫苗所面临的免疫原性较弱和抗肿瘤效果不理想这两个主要的问题.包括: 加入分子佐剂.主要是一些细胞因子而有效提高抗肿瘤DNA疫苗的免疫原性;通过使用与肿瘤抗原基因种属不同,但具有一定同源性的基因而打破肿瘤抗原的外周免疫耐受。最后主要从肿瘤疫苗免疫的靶点入手.介绍了能够有效增强DNA疫苗抗肿瘤作用的几种新的策略。

DNA-based Vaccines for the Treatment of Cancer

DNA vaccine technology has made great progress in the recent years with the development of the molecular biology and gene delivery techniques. More and more focuses have been put on the research about the an-titumor DNA vaccines because of their many advantages. However.it still has some problems such as the weak immunogenicity and the less effective antitumor efficacy. Some identified and potential tumor antigens which could be used to design into the corresponding antitumor DNA vaccines have been listed in this article. Using xenogeneic gene can effectively break the periphery immune tolerance of the tumor antigens and improve its immunogenicity. Moreover, several novel strategies have been introduced to resolve the other problems, for example, using a combined DNA and peptide vaccine through its synergistic effect or targeting agianst some more effective factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) through antiangiogeneis effect could effectively enhance the protective and therapeutic effect of DNA vaccines. Therefore, the two major problems of DNA vaccines against cancer could be resolved better.