Soft-tissue cephalometric norms for north Indian Mongoloids |
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| Authors: | Nishant Negi Santosh Verma KS Negi JR Kaundal Sankalp Sood |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, H.P. Govt. Dental College and Hospital, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171001, India;2. Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Kothiwal Dental College and Research center, Moradabad (U.P.), India;1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431-0991, USA;2. Departamento de Biología Celular, División de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Apartado 89.000, Caracas 1081-A, Venezuela;1. Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R.China;2. College of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, P.R.China;3. College of Life Science, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, P.R.China;1. Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), “Nutrition, Hormones and Women''s Health” Team, F-94805 Villejuif, France;2. Univ. Paris Sud 11, UMRS 1018, F-94807 Villejuif, France;3. Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France;4. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women''s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;5. Cancer Control Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia;1. Department of Dermatology at University of L''Aquila, L''Aquila, Italy;2. Department of Dermatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy;1. MGM Medical College & LSK Hospital, Kishanganj 855107, Bihar, India;2. Professor and Head, Department of Biochemistry, MGM Medical College & LSK Hospital, Kishanganj 855107, Bihar, India;3. Professor, Department of Biochemistry, MGM Medical College & LSK Hospital, Kishanganj 855107, Bihar, India;4. Professor, Department of Dermatology, MGM Medical College & LSK Hospital, Kishanganj 855107, Bihar, India;5. Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, MGM Medical College & LSK Hospital, Kishanganj 855107, Bihar, India;6. Additional Professor, Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005, India |
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| Abstract: | IntroductionHarmonious facial esthetics and functional occlusion have long been recognized as the two most important goals of orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was: (1) To establish soft tissue cephalometric norms for Mongoloid tribes of north India using Holdaway analysis. (2) To study the sexual dimorphism in soft tissue cephalometric norms of this population. (3) To compare the norms obtained in this study with Holdaway norms.MethodsLateral cephalometric radiographs of 60 north Indian Mongoloid subjects (30 male, 30 female) in the age group of 18–25 years with normal occlusion and well balanced faces were used. The cephalograms were analyzed with Holdaway soft tissue cephalometric analysis. Unpaired t-test was used to compare results obtained for Mongoloid subjects with Holdaway norms and to determine sexual dimorphism.ResultsStatistically significant differences were found for nose prominence, superior sulcus depth, soft tissue subnasale to H-line, basic upper lip thickness, max incisor to upper lip, H-angle, lower lip to H-line and soft tissue chin thickness. In comparison of sexes, statistically significant differences were found for basic upper lip thickness, max incisor to upper lip and H-angle.ConclusionThese results show that the soft tissue facial profile of north Indian Mongoloid subjects and North-Europeans are different. These racial differences must be considered during diagnosis and treatment planning. |
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