Circulating glutamate level as a potential biomarker for abdominal obesity and metabolic risk |
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Authors: | Ina Maltais-Payette Benedicte Allam-Ndoul Louis Pérusse Marie-Claude Vohl André Tchernof |
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Affiliation: | 1. Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Canada;2. School of Nutrition, Laval University, Canada;3. Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Canada;4. Kinesiology Department, Laval University, Canada |
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Abstract: | Background and aimCirculating level of glutamate, a by-product of the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids, has been positively correlated with visceral adipose tissue accumulation and waist circumference (WC). The aim of the present study was to assess the potential of using glutamate level to identify individuals with abdominal obesity and a high cardiometabolic risk.Methods and resultsThe study sample included 99 men and 99 women. Fasting serum glutamate was measured using the Biocrates p180 kit. Anthropometric and metabolic variables were used to identify individuals with abdominal obesity (WC ≥ 95 cm in both sexes), the hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTW) phenotype and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Mean (±SD) age was 34.1 ± 10.1 years, mean BMI was 29.0 ± 6.2 kg/m2 and mean WC was 92.7 ± 16.5 cm. Glutamate was strongly correlated with WC (r = 0.66 for men; r = 0.76 for women, both p < 0.0001) and multiple markers of metabolic dysfunction, particularly fasting triglyceride level (r = 0.59 for men; r = 0.57 for women, both p < 0.0001), HDL-cholesterol level (r = ?0.45, p < 0.0001 in both sexes) and the HOMA-IR index (r = 0.65 for men; r = 0.60 for women, both p < 0.0001). Logistic regressions showed that glutamate had an excellent accuracy to identify individuals with abdominal obesity (ROC_AUC: 0.90 for both sexes), a good accuracy to identify those with the HTW phenotype (ROC_AUC: 0.82 for men; 0.85 for women) and fair-to-good accuracy for the MetS (ROC_AUC: 0.78 for men; 0.89 for women).ConclusionGlutamate level may represent an interesting potential biomarker of abdominal obesity and metabolic risk. |
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Keywords: | Glutamate Branched-chain amino acid Metabolomics Men Women Hypertriglyceridemic waist Metabolic syndrome ANOVA Analysis of variance BCAA Branched-chain amino acid BCAT Branched-chain aminotransferase BCKA Branched-chain ketoacid BCKD Branched-chain-ketoacid dehydrogenase BMI Body mass index DBP Diastolic blood pressure FHS Framingham Heart Study HDL-C High-density-lipoprotein cholesterol HOMA-IR Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance HTW Hypertriglyceridemic LDL-C Low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol MetS Metabolic syndrome NCEP-ATPIII National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III ROC_AUC Area under the receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curve SAT Subcutaneous adipose tissue SBP Systolic blood pressure SD Standard deviation TG Triglycerides VAT Visceral adipose tissue WC Waist circumference |
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