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Seroprevalence of influenza A H1N1 (swine) infection in the human population in a cantonment
Authors:Arvind Singh Kushwaha  Atul Kotwal  C.I. Biradar  Mahadevan Kumar  Shailesh D. Pawar  Mandeep Chadha  Seema Patrikar
Affiliation:1. Additional Professor (Community Medicine), AIIMS Nagpur, India;2. Brig Medical, HQ 11 Corps, C/o 56 APO, India;3. Staff Officer (Health), Head Quarters Directorate General Assam Rifles, Shillong, Meghalaya, India;4. Professor & Head (Community Medicine), N C Medical College, Israna, Panipat, India;5. Senior Consultant & HOD (Microbiology), Medanta The Medicity, Gurugram, Haryana 12201, India;6. Scientist E & Officer Incharge, ICMR – National Institute of Virology, Mumbai Unit, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India;7. Consultant, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India;8. Lecturer in Statistics & Demography, Department of Community Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 410040, India
Abstract:BackgroundVarious serosurveys and studies were conducted globally on pandemic influenza. H1N1 virus reported so far provides ample evidence of differing perspectives, regarding its epidemiology especially with regard to prevalence, populations groups, and behaviour related to vaccine acceptance. A multigroup, cross-sectional survey among 658 healthy subjects was carried out, in Pune among students, health-care workers (HCWs), and soldiers to assess the seroprevalence of pandemic influenza H1N1 virus and its associated factors.MethodsThe total sample size, based on forecasted prevalence of 33%, worked out to be 640. We studied 658 subjects including 103 students, 201 HCWs, and 354 serving soldiers. The sample for each group was selected from the respective study population by simple random sampling using a random number table. Haemagglutination inhibition test was carried out at the National Institute of Virology.ResultsThe overall seroprevalence of pandemic influenza H1N1 (2009) virus was found to be 46.5% (95% confidence interval 42.6–50.4) which was adjusted to 39.4% after excluding those vaccinated. The availability of vaccine for high-risk group such as HCWs did not find much favour with the HCWs who did not accept vaccine for various reasons. Whereas only one student was vaccinated, 21.4% of HCWs and 32.5% of soldiers were vaccinated.ConclusionBased on high seroprevalence of antibodies against H1N1 virus during pandemic, vaccination of general population is not recommended. However, high-risk groups and HCWs need to be protected with flu vaccine. There is a need to encourage HCWs for accepting vaccination.
Keywords:H1N1 virus  Pandemic influenza  Seroprevalence  Vaccination  Health care workers
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