四川省农村学校饮水与环境卫生现状调查分析

目的掌握四川省农村学校饮水与环境卫生设施现状,了解学校饮水水质状况及学生寄生虫感染情况,为改善四川省农村学校饮用水和环境卫生状况,保护学生身体健康提供科学依据。方法根据中国疾病预防控制中心农村改水技术指导中心制定的《全国农村学校水与环境卫生现状调查实施方案》要求,通过现场调查和自填问卷等方式填写全国统一的调查表,水质和粪便通过现场采样送实验室检测分析。结果共调查了50所中小学,有卫生厕所的学校占52%,男厕所蹲位合格率为42%,女厕所蹲位合格率为22%;有集中式供水的学校占54%,检测的水样合格率为22%,以大肠菌群和余氯合格率最低;共抽查1506份粪便,寄生虫总感染率为16.87%,以蛔虫卵感染率最高。结论学校卫生厕所普及率不高,厕所蹲位合格率低;学校集中式供水覆盖率相对较低,水质合格率也低;学生蛔虫卵感染率高。应增大改水改厕经费在学校的投入,改善学校不良卫生状况,提高学生的健康水平。

Survey of Drinking Water and Environmental Sanitation in Schools in Rural Area in Sichuan Province

Objective To understand the current status of drinking water and environment sanitation in the schools in rural area in Sichuan,provide scientific evidence to improve the drinking water quality and environmental sanitation and protect the student＇s health.Methods The questionnaire survey was conducted,water samples and stool samples were taken to conduct laboratory detection according to the rural water supply technical guidance developed by national CDC. Results Fifty primary and middle schools were surveyed,the schools which had sanitary latrine accounted for 52%,the qualified rate of squating position in men＇s room and women＇s room were 42% and 22% respectively,the schools which had centralized water supply accounted for 54%,the qualified rate of water samples was 22%,the qualified rates for coliform group and residual chlorine were lowest. A total of 1506 stool samples were detected,the overall infection rate of parasite was 16.87%,and roundworm infection rate was highest. Conclusion The use of sanitary latrine was not common,the quality of squating position was not satisfied,the coverage rate of centralized water supply in schools was low,the qualified rate of water was low and the roundworm infection rate among the students was high.It is necessary to increase the investment on water and latrine project to improve the environment sanitation in the schools and protect student＇s health.