中药常规检查的历史发展和应用意义

中药常规检查是中药的各项工作之首，在中药鉴定中占据着重要的地位。常规检查结果是否达到国家标准，直接影响到中药研究结论正误和临床药效发挥好坏。1953年以来，《中华人民共和国药典》更替11次，常规检查的方法和标准趋于完善，涵盖的品类也越来越多元化。依据《中华人民共和国药典》，常规检查共分4大项目分别是杂质检查、水分检查、灰分检查和浸出物检查。现将对常规检查的4大项目分别进行探究，以出版《中华人民共和国药典》为主线，梳理其历史发展；以2020版《中华人民共和国药典》为准则，明确常规检查中4大项目内容，阐述其应用意义。同时，通过与其他国家的药典（《欧洲药典》《美国药典》《日本药典》）比较，找寻我国检测方法的优劣，针对性地提出完善意见，优化常规检查内容并展望其路线的发展方向。以期促进常规检查的科学发展，提高相关科研人员对常规检查的重视度。

Historical Development and Application Significance of Routine Inspection of Chinese Medicine

Routine inspection of Chinese medicine is the priority task of Chinese medicine,which occupies an important position in the identification of Chinese medicine.Whether the results of routine inspection meet the national standards directly affects the conclusion of Chinese medicine research and the clinical effectiveness.Since 1953,Chinese Pharmacopoeia has been revised eleven times,and the methods and standards of routine inspection have tended to be complete,covering more and more diversified categories.According to Chinese Pharmacopoeia,routine inspection mainly included impurity inspection,moisture inspection,ash inspection,and extract inspection.This paper explored the four major items of routine inspection.Specifically,with historical versions of Chinese Pharmacopoeia as the main line,the historical development process of routine inspection was combed; with the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia as the guideline,the content of the four major items was clarified,and the application significance of routine inspection was explained.In addition,by comparing with European Pharmacopoeia,US Pharmacopoeia,and Japanese Pharmacopoeia,this paper discussed the advantages and disadvantages of the inspection methods in China,proposed suggestions for improvement,optimized the content of routine inspection,and looked forward to its development,with a view to promoting the scientific development of routine inspection and drawing the attention of related research personnel to routine inspection.