2012—2016年南京市区体检人群血尿酸的职业、年龄、性别分布特点和相关因素分析

目的:分析南京市来自6个行业体检人群血尿酸的年龄、性别分布特点,和高尿酸血症(HUA)的患病情况及其影响因素。方法:纳入2012年至2016年南京市4家医院参加健康体检的107478例体检者,比较不同性别、不同年份的HUA发病率;按照血尿酸值分为正常组和HUA组,比较两组代谢指标、年龄,计算不同行业体检人群的血尿酸水平,并采用多因素logistic回归方法计算HUA发病危险OR值。结果:HUA总体患病率为14.9%,男性HUA的患病率明显高于女性(20.5%比2.5%,χ2=5850.1,P<0.01),女性HUA的患病率随着年龄的增加呈上升趋势(20~29、30~39、40~49、50~59、60~69和≥70岁组的HUA患病率分别为1.0%、0.7%、0.9%、2.7%、3.8%和9.6%;趋势P<0.01)。HUA组的高血压、高血脂、糖尿病患病率及体重指数均高于血尿酸正常组(P≤0.01)。卫生行业人群血尿酸水平[(298±91)μmol/L]和HUA患病率(10.4%)最低,公安行业的血尿酸水平[(342±82)μmol/L]和HUA患病率最高(16.5%)。血尿酸水平与血脂、血糖、血压等代谢指标相关(P≤0.01),多因素logistic回归分析显示,男性、高血压、高甘油三酯、高胆固醇、肥胖、职业类别和高尿酸血症的发生相关。结论:南京地区体检人群中男性HUA患病率明显高于女性,女性HUA的患病率随着年龄的增加而增加。卫生行业体检人群的血尿酸水平和HUA患病率最低,而公安职业类别人群最高。男性、高血压、高脂血症、肥胖、职业类别与HUA的发生相关。

Characteristics of serum uric acid distribution in occupation,age, gender groups and its influencing factors in physical examination subjects in Nanjing from 2012 to 2016

Objective To investigate the distribution of uric acid in different occupation,age and gender groups,and changes of prevalence of hyperuricemia(HUA)and its influencing factors in healthy adults who receiving physical examination in Nanjing.Methods The study was conducted in 107478 subjects who received physical examination from 2012 to 2016.The prevalence of HUA in different genders and different years was compared.Subjects were divided into non-HUA and HUA groups according to serum uric acid.The differences in metabolic indicators and ages between two groups were analyzed.Uric acid levels among different occupations were evaluated.A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratios(OR)of HUA.Results The total HUA prevalence was 14.9%,in which the prevalence of HUA in men was significantly higher than that in women[20.5%(15217/74339)vs.2.5%(818/33139),P<0.01].The prevalence of HUA in men sustained at a high level,while that in women trended to decrease during the five years.The prevalence of HUA increased with age in women(1.0%,0.7%,0.9%,2.7%,3.8%and 9.6%in subjects within 20-29,30-39,40-49,50-59,60-69 and≥70 age groups,respectively,P for trend<0.01).The percentages of hypertension,hyperlipidemia and diabetes,and body mass index(BMI)in both men and women were significantly higher in HUA group than those in non-HUA group(P≤0.01).Among all occupations,subjects in health care had the lowest levels of uric acid(298±91μmol/L)and prevalence of HUA(10.4%),while,those in public security had the highest levels of uric acid[(342±82)μmol/L]and prevalence(16.5%).Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that males,high triacylglycerol,high cholesterol,obesity and certain occupation were significantly associated with HUA.Conclusions The prevalence of HUA in men is significantly higher than that in women.It increased with ages in women.Subjects in health occupations had the lowest levels of uric acid and HUA prevalence,while,those in public security had the highest levels among the six occupations.Obesity,hyperlipidemia,hypertension,occupations and males are positively associated with HUA.