Vitamin and homocysteine status of mothers and infants and the risk of nonsyndromic orofacial clefts |
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Authors: | van Rooij Iris A L M Swinkels Dorine W Blom Henk J Merkus Hans M W M Steegers-Theunissen Régine P M |
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Institution: | Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Medical Center Nijmegen, the Netherlands. |
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Abstract: | OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to investigate the involvement of maternal and infant B vitamins and homocysteine as risk factors for orofacial clefting. STUDY DESIGN: Venous blood samples were taken from 96 infants with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts and 88 infants without a congenital malformation and from their mothers at approximately 14 months after the index pregnancy. Red blood cell and serum folate, serum vitamin B(12), whole blood vitamin B(6) as pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP), and plasma homocysteine concentrations were measured. RESULTS: A vitamin B(12) concentration of 185 pmol/L or less and a PLP concentration of 44 nmol/L or less in mothers increased the risk of having a child with an orofacial cleft (odds ratio OR]=3.1; 95% CI: 1.3-7.4, OR=2.9; 95% CI: 1.2-7.1, respectively). Infants with orofacial clefts had a 15% lower serum folate concentration compared with controls (P=.06). CONCLUSION: A low vitamin B(12) and PLP concentration in mothers increased the risk of orofacial clefts in the offspring. A possible role of the infant's folate status is suggested. |
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Keywords: | Cleft lip cleft palate folate pregnancy pyridoxine vitamin B12 |
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