2016—2018年陕西省农村垃圾和污水处理现状分析

目的了解陕西省农村垃圾污水的处理现状及动态变化,为有关部门制订政策和措施提供依据。方法2016—2018年每年在全省各设区市分层随机选取30个涉农区县中的600个行政村作为监测点,3000户作为监测户,通过査阅资料、访谈、现场观察等方法获得监测数据。结果3年垃圾处理厂农村人口覆盖率分别为28.31%、36.10%、39.36%,污水处理厂覆盖率分别为12.27%、20.39%、15.02%,年度差异均有统计学意义(χ2=23.24、22.42,P=0.00);3年统一收集生活垃圾监测点占比分别为30.50%、43.67%、51.00%,焚烧垃圾监测点占比分别为16.67%、15.00%、8.33%,年度差异均有统计学意义(χ2=53.25、20.19,P=0.00);生活污水通过管道排放监测点占比分别为12.67%、11.17%、31.17%,排入处理厂监测点占比分别为4.33%、6.00%、15.17%,年度差异均有统计学意义(χ2=99.45、52.50,P=0.00)。结论近年陕西省农村垃圾污水处理情况有所改善,但还有很大的提升空间,建议加大环保宣传和政府投资力度,加强日常监督,建管并重,控制垃圾污水的随意堆放、排放,提高垃圾污水处理率。

Analysis of the status of rural garbage and sewage treatment in Shaanxi Province,2016-2018

Objective To understand the status and dynamic changes in the treatment of rural garbage and sewage in Shaanxi province and provide the basis for relevant departments to formulate policies and measures.Methods Every year from 2016 to 2018,600 administrative villages in 30 agricultural counties were randomly selected as monitoring points,and 3,000 households were selected as monitoring households.Monitoring data was obtained through data reading,interviews,and on-site observations.Results The three-year rural population coverage rate of the garbage treatment plant was 28.31%,36.10%,39.36%,respectively,and the sewage treatment plant coverage rate was 12.27%,20.39%,15.02%,respectively.The annual differences were statistically significant(χ2=23.24、22.42,P=0.00).The proportion of monitoring points for the three-year unified collection of domestic garbage was 30.50%,43.67%,51.00%,respectively,and the percentage of monitoring points for incineration garbage was 16.67%,15.00%,8.33%,respectively,and the annual differences were statistically significant(χ2=53.25、20.19,P=0.00).The proportion of domestic sewage discharge monitoring points through pipelines was 12.67%,11.17%,31.17%,respectively,and the proportion of monitoring points discharged into treatment plants was 4.33%,6.00%,15.17%,respectively,and the annual differences were both statistically significant(χ2=99.45、52.50,P=0.00).Conclusion In recent years,the rural garbage and sewage treatment situation in Shaanxi Province had improved,but there was still much room for improvement.It is recommended to increase environmental protection publicity and government investment,strengthen daily supervision,pay equal attention to construction and management,control the random stacking and discharging of garbage and sewage,and enhance the disposal rate of garbage and sewage.