多生牙及其诊断治疗

多生牙又称额外牙,指牙齿数目上的增多,是常见的牙齿发育异常,多见于上颌前牙区。其形态有圆锥型、结节型、补充型和牙瘤型。多生牙的发病机制尚无定论,目前牙板的过度活跃学说为多数学者所认可。多生牙可与多种综合征相关且其存在可能会造成一系列的并发症,患者常以冠周炎、前牙异常间隙和乳恒牙替换异常等原因就诊,因此,早发现、早诊断和适当的干预治疗极为重要。本文就多生牙的病因机制、临床表现、并发症、诊治原则与方法作一综述。

Supernumerary teeth and its theranostics

Supernumerary teeth,also termed as extra teeth,are excessive teeth and a common hypoplasia of teeth with a predisposition for the anterior maxilla.Extra teeth are frequently found in male and can be classified into conical,tuberculate,supplemental,and odontoma according to their morphology.Dental lamina hyperactivity theory is widely accepted,but the etiology of supernumerary teeth remains hypothetical.Supernumerary teeth can cause a series of complications and may be associated with many developmental syndromes.Patients often consult doctor after they get complications.Thus,early diagnosis and effective treatment are important.This article reviews the etiology,clinical feature,complications,and theranostics of supernumerary teeth.