生长因子诱导间充质干细胞三维体外软骨形成的研究进展

间充质干细胞软骨向分化的潜能已被广泛研究,并且已经表明这些干细胞的软骨形成潜能彼此不同。通常,软骨诱导最常见的生长因子来自转化生长因子(TGF)-β超家族。对文献的全面回顾表明,在含有地塞米松和TGF-β3的培养基中,三维培养中的间充质干细胞似乎表现出较高的软骨形成潜力。一些报道还表明加入TGF-β1、TGF-β2和TGF-β3,骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)-2、BMP-4、BMP-6、BMP-7和BMP-9,以及其他类型的细胞因子如成纤维细胞生长因子-2、糖皮质激素、胰岛素样生长因子-1等,也促进间充质干细胞软骨形成分化,但这些结果仍未得到一致支持。然而,迄今为止,目前的制剂并不是总会诱导间充质干细胞向成软骨稳定分化。本文综述了多种生长因子单独和组合对间充质干细胞三维体外软骨向分化影响的研究。

Comparative review of growth factors inducing 3D in vitro cartilage formation of mesenchymal stem cells

The ability of marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)to undergo chondrogenic differentiation has been studied extensively.The chondrogenic potential of these stem cells differs from one another.In general,the most common growth factors for chondrogenic induction originate from the transforming growth factor(TGF)-βsuperfamily.A thorough review of literature indicates that MSCs exhibit the highest chondrogenic potential in 3D culture in the medium containing dexamethasone and TGF-β3.Several reports indicated that the addition of TGF-β1,TGF-β2 and TGF-β3;bone morphogenetic protein(BMP)-2,BMP-4,BMP-6,BMP-7 and BMP-9;and several types of fibroblast growth factor-2.Glucocorticoids and insulin-like growth factor-1 promote MSCs for chondrogenic differentiation,but these results are still not consistently supported.However,to date,current formulations do not always induce the stable differentiation of MSC cartilages.In this paper,the effects of each growth factor alone and in combination on the 3D in vitro cartilage differentiation of MSCs were reviewed.