上海市首次复治肺结核患者的耐药性分析

目的 了解上海市首次复治肺结核患者的耐药情况,为制定复治化疗方案提供科学依据.方法 回顾性分析2002年1月至2004年12月上海市疾病预防控制中心登记的痰结核杆菌培养阳性的上海市首次复治肺结核病例,全部培养阳性菌株进行菌种鉴定及5种抗结核药物（异烟肼、利福平、链霉素、乙胺丁醇、对氨水杨酸钠）的耐药性测试.结果 首次复治肺结核患者的总耐药率为39.6%,男、女患者的耐药率分别为38.5%和44.4%,青年组、中年组和老年组的耐药率分别为50.0%、41.6%和34.6%.标准初治失败组和标准初治复发组的总耐药率（70.0%和47.5%）、耐药≥3种的发生率（70.0%和18.3%）均显著高于非标准初治复发组（28.2%和6.4%）.标准初治失败组的耐多药率（70.0%）显著高于标准初治复发组（16.7%）和非标准初治复发组（7.3%）.非标准初治复发组中初治用药1～5个月者的耐药率（13.0%）显著低于用药≥12个月者（55.0%）,初治用药≤2种的耐药率（24.4%）略低于用药≥3种者（30.8%）.结论 不同复治类型的首次复治肺结核病例的耐药率因用药史不同而各异,提示现行的标准复治化疗方案对其中部分患者可能无效.

Analysis of drug resistance to antituberculosis drugs of the first time retreated pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Shanghai

OBJECTIVE: To investigate antituberculosis drug resistance among the first time retreated pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Shanghai, and therefore to provide evidence for establishing retreatment regimen. METHODS: Analysis was conducted retrospectively on drug susceptibility tests to isoniazid, rifampin, streptomycin, ethambutol and para-aminosalicylates of the first time retreated pulmonary tuberculosis patients with a positive sputum culture in Shanghai Center for Disease Control from January 2002 to December 2004. RESULTS: The total drug resistance rate was 39.6%. The drug resistance rate in male and female patients was 38.5% and 44.4% respectively, the difference being not significant. The drug resistance rate in the young age group, the middle age group and the old age group were 50.0%, 41.6% and 34.6% respectively, the difference being not significant. The total drug resistance rates in the treatment failure group with standard initial chemotherapy and in the relapse group with standard regimen were both higher than in the relapse group with non-standard regimen (70.0%, 47.5%, 28.2%). So do the drug resistance rates of more than two drugs (70.0%, 18.3%, 6.4%). The multi-drug resistance rate of the failures with standard regimen was 70.0%, much higher than the relapses with standard regimen and the relapses with non-standard regimen. In relapses with non-standard initial therapy, the drug resistance rate of patients who received medications > or = 12 months was 55.0%, significantly higher than those treated for 1 - 5 months (13.0%). The drug resistance rate of patients who were treated with one to two drugs was lower than those treated with > or = 3 drugs, but no significant difference was observed (24.4% and 30.8%). CONCLUSION: Drug resistance rate varies in different types of the first time retreated pulmonary tuberculosis patients due to the history of drug use, which indicates that the current standard retreatment regimen is probably ineffective for some patients.