公共卫生护理对心血管病患者及心血管病高危人群改善生活方式的效果

目的探讨公共卫生护理干预对心血管病患者及心血管病高危人群改善生活方式的效果。方法 2011年10月至2013年10月,调查并随访50～78岁的本辖区居民,包括心血管疾病患者和心血管疾病的高危人群,并对所有研究对象进行公共卫生护理干预,并采用自行设计的问卷进行调查。采用SPSS 13.0对护理干预前后的数据进行χ2检验和t检验,分析干预前后的变化。结果研究在调查开始时纳入710人,失访143人,到随访结束时共有567例研究对象,其中患有心血管疾病患者149例（26.28%）,心血管疾病的高危人群418例（73.72%）;研究对象干预前后的饮食习惯、体育锻炼、吸烟、饮酒情况差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;研究对象干预前后的体重、腰围、腰臀比差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;干预前后研究对象健康行为对心血管疾病影响的知晓人数、认知情况、坚持规律服药、愿意改变不良生活习惯,及经常阅读有关书籍的差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论公共卫生护理干预可以有效改善心血管病患者及心血管病高危人群的生活方式,并提高居民的生活质量。

The Effect of Public Health Nursing Intervention on Improving Life Style in Patients and High-risk Population with Cardiovascular Disease

Objective To explore the effect of prevention of cardiovascular disease by public health nursing intervention. Methods During October,2011-October,2013,the subjects at 50-78 years old were collected,including patients and high-risk population with cardiovascular disease.All subjects were interviewed by intervening and using interviewer-administrated questionnaires.Chi-squared test and t test were used to analyze the data by SPSS 13.0. Results A total of710 subjects were included in the beginning of study,143 were lost in follow up,so 567 were collected in this study.There were 149（26.28%）patients with cardiovascular disease and 418（73.27%）high-risk population with cardiovascular disease.The differences of dietary habits,physical exercise,smoking,and drinking alcohol were statistically significant pre and post intervention（P 0.01）.Statistically significant differences were found in body weight,waist circumference and waist-hip ratio pre and post intervention（P 0.05）.The differences of awareness rates and awareness status of health behavior impact on cardiovascular disease,sticking to regular use of medication,willing to change bad habits,often reading the books about cardiovascular disease were significant pre and post intervention（P0.01）. Conclusion Public health nursing intervention can effectively improve the life style of the patients and high risk population with cardiovascular disease,and improve the quality of people＇s life.