湖南省传染性非典型肺炎流行状况及其影响因素研究报告

目的 探明湖南省SARS流行状况,分析SARS流行的影响因素,为进一步完善SARS防制策略提供科学的决策依据。方法应用ELISA方法检测病例及不同正常人群血清标本的SARS-CoV IgG抗体;采取回顾性调查研究方法,评价湖南省2003年采取的SARS干预措施。结果湖南省共发现7例SARS-COV IgG抗体阳性病例,均为传人性病例。密切接触人群和流行区返湘正常人群中分别检出2例抗体阳性者(病例从返乡到发现的时间间隔中位数为0d,发现到报告的时间间隔为0h,流调在报告后1h内进行,隔离与报告同步,疫点的消毒率为100％,密切接触者均被调查、医学观察)。结论 2003年全省发生了SARS的传入,但未出现续发病例,主要原因是湖南省党政高度重视,行动迅速,疫情监测报告灵敏,“四早”措施落实,疫情处理及时规范。已建立的早期症状监测预警系统,能及时发现鉴别可疑病例。

An Epidemiological Study of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Hunan Province

Objective To provide evidence for the government to improve SARS control strategy through analyzing the epidemiological characteristics of SARS cases in Hunan Province. Methods ELISA was applied to detect the SARS-CoV antibody in SARS cases and other population. A retrospective study was launched to evaluate the case finding, case-report, epidemic management and other interventions made during SARS attack in 2003. Results Seven cases of SARS were found serologically positive in Hunan Province, all of which were imported cases. Antibody positive cases were respectively detected out two from close-contact population and normal population back from epidemic area. The interval median of cases from being back home to being found was 0, and epidemiological investigation was carried out in 1 hour after reportiong. Isolation and reporting happened at the same time. Sterilization rate of epidemic spot was 100%, and all close contacts were investigated and medically observed. Conclusion Hunan Province was attacked by SARS in 2003, no secondary cases were found. The major reasons why Hunan Province had no secondary case of SARS are as following: high importance attached by the government, quick response to attack, sensitive surveillance and reporting system, timely fulfilling of "Early finding, early reporting, early isolation and early treatment", timely and standardized management for epidemics, and competent dealing of contingency. Besides, the local meteorological factors may also be one of the contributors. The established warning system for early symptom surveillance played an effective role in case finding and identification of suspected cases.