表面活性剂溶血能力及其在微核制片中的选择研究

目的 通过对表面活性剂溶血特性的研究,阐明表面活性剂用于微核制片的作用机制。方法 将表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、辛基苯基聚氧乙烯醚(TritonX-100)和辛基苯酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚(OP-10)等配制成一定浓度的溶液,等渗条件下,与红细胞悬液进行溶血试验,利用吸光度比较溶血程度,用显微镜观察白细胞形态的改变,并探讨表面活性剂分离血液淋巴细胞的可行性。结果 溶血能力强弱依次为:CTAB>SDS>TritonX-100>OP-10; 当RBC含量过剩时,溶血程度随着RBC含量的增加而降低; RBC浓度(v/v)一定时,溶血程度随着平均红细胞体积(MCV)的减小而降低; 未洗涤RBC悬液其溶血程度低于洗涤组(Z=-2.366,P<0.02); 在0.05 g/L CTAB和1.5%RBC混合液中,RBC溶解后,WBC胞浆可保持一段时间。结论 阳离子表面活性剂CTAB的溶血能力最强,溶血能力与RBC含量、MCV大小、RBC洗涤与否等有关。CTAB对RBC的破坏作用较WBC强,是微核制片的较理想溶血剂。

Study on the Hemolytic Ability of Surfactant and Its Selection in Micronuclear Production

Objective To study the mechanism of action of surfactants on micronucleus production by studying the hemolysis characteristicsof surfactants.Methods Surfactant cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide(CTAB),sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS),octylphenyl polyoxyethylene ether(Triton X-100)and octylphenol polyoxyethylene(10)ether(OP-10)was formulated into a solution of a certain concentration.Under isotonic conditions,a hemolysis test was performed with the RBC suspension,the degree of hemolysis was compared by absorbance,the change of WBC morphology was observed by a microscope,and explored the feasibility of separating blood lymphocytes from the blood with surfactant.Results The order of hemolysis ability was:CTAB>SDS>TritonX-100> OP-10.When the RBC content was excessive,the dgree of hemolysis decreased with the increase of RBC content.When the RBC concentration(v/v)was constant,the degree of hemolysis decreased with the decrease of MCV.The unwashed RBC suspension had a lower degree of hemolysis than the wash group(Z=-2.366,P<0.02).In the 0.05 g/L CTAB and 1.5% RBC mixture,afterRBC dissolution,WBC cytosolasm could maintained for a period of time.Conclusion The cationic surfactant CTAB had the strongest hemolysis ability,and the hemolysis ability was related to RBC content,MCV size and RBC washing.CTAB had a stronger destructive effect on RBC than WBC,and it is anideal hemolytic agent for micronucleus production.