Global incidence of oral and oropharynx cancer in patients younger than 45 years versus older patients: A systematic review |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, VU University Medical Center/Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;2. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;3. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;1. Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States;2. Department of Supportive Care Medicine, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States;1. Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States;2. Department of Radiology, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States;3. Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States;4. Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States;1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel;2. Institute of Human Genetics, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel;3. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel;4. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, VU University Medical Center/ACTA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;1. Evaluative Epidemiology, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venzian 1, Milan, Italy;2. Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.G., Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, 18080 Cuesta del Observatorio 4, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Granada, Spain;3. CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;4. Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen’s University Belfast 2012, University Road Belfast, BT7 1NN Northern Ireland, UK;5. Centro Nazionale di Epidemiologia, Sorveglianza e Promozione della Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità,Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy;6. Head and Neck Cancer Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venzian 1, Milan, Italy;1. Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia;2. Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia;3. Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia;4. Department of Radiation Oncology, Westmead Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia;5. Department of Radiation Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia;6. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;7. Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery & Surgical Oncology, Duke-NUS Centre, Singapore;8. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kerala, India;9. Department of Tissue Pathology, NSW Health Pathology, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia;10. Royal Prince Alfred Institute of Academic Medicine, Sydney Local Health District, NSW, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is typically regarded as a disease of elderly people. However, increasing numbers of patients worldwide with HNSCC at younger age (defined as <45 years old) have been reported in recent years.To assess geographical variations and trends worldwide in incidence of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in young patients, a systematic review was conducted in PubMed and Google scholar databases from 1975 to June 2016. Seventy-eight studies were selected for further study.Nineteen population-based studies on incidence rate were available from 13 countries, showing a prominent increase over time except for the Netherlands. A notable rise of oral (mobile) tongue cancer among white women and oropharyngeal cancer in white men was observed. Data suggest that cancer in young patients may be a distinct clinical entity and characterised by different aetiology and pathogenesis. Additionally, the relative proportion of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in young patients to total incidence revealed a significant difference between estimates from North America (5.5%) and both Africa (17.2%) and Middle East (14.5%).It is concluded that (i) a rising trend in oral and oropharynx cancers is observed in young patients worldwide; (ii) incidence studies should properly define outcomes in age cohorts and use a consensus cut-off for young patients; (iii) more population-based studies should be performed in non-Western regions to get accurate global measures of incidence for these cancers in young subpopulations and (iv) there is an urge to identify new aetiological factors in these young patients. |
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| Keywords: | Oral cancer Oropharynx cancer Young patients Incidence rate Relative proportion |
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