Footwear characteristics are related to running mechanics in runners with patellofemoral pain |
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| Institution: | 1. Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1 V 0A6, Canada;2. Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, 525 Boulevard Wilfrid-Hamel, Quebec City, QC, G1 M 2S8, Canada;3. The Running Clinic, C.P. 1075, Lac-Beauport, QC, G3 B 2J8, Canada;1. Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public & Occupational Health and the EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, The Netherlands;2. Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science & Sport, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands;3. Center for Sports Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands;4. Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands;5. Departments of Epidemiology and Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, The Netherlands;6. Sports Medicine Center Maastricht*Parkstad, The Netherlands;7. UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa;8. Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention, Federation University Australia, Australia;1. Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia;2. Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States;1. Center of Research in Healthy Sciences, Masters and Doctoral Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Laboratory of Functional Assessment and Human Motor Performance (LAFUP), Universidade Norte do Paraná (UNOPAR), Londrina-PR, Brazil;2. Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;3. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Running footwear is known to influence step rate, foot inclination at foot strike, average vertical loading rate (VLR) and peak patellofemoral joint (PFJ) force. However, the association between the level of minimalism of running shoes and running mechanics, especially with regards to these relevant variables for runners with patellofemoral pain (PFP), has yet to be investigated. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between the level of minimalism of running shoes and habitual running kinematics and kinetics in runners with PFP. Running shoes of 69 runners with PFP (46 females, 23 males, 30.7 ± 6.4 years) were evaluated using the Minimalist Index (MI). Kinematic and kinetic data were collected during running on an instrumented treadmill. Principal component and correlation analyses were performed between the MI and its subscales and step rate, foot inclination at foot strike, average VLR, peak PFJ force and peak Achilles tendon force. Higher MI scores were moderately correlated with lower foot inclination (r = ?0.410, P < 0.001) and lower peak PFJ force (r = ?0.412, P < 0.001). Moderate correlations also showed that lower shoe mass is indicative of greater step rate (ρ = 0.531, P < 0.001) and lower peak PFJ force (ρ = ?0.481, P < 0.001). Greater shoe flexibility was moderately associated with lower foot inclination (ρ = ?0.447, P < 0.001). Results suggest that greater levels of minimalism are associated with lower inclination angle and lower peak PFJ force in runners with PFP. Thus, this population may potentially benefit from changes in running mechanics associated with the use of shoes with a higher level of minimalism. |
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| Keywords: | Knee pain Shoes Kinetics Kinematics Gait retraining |
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