Immunotherapy of B-16 melanoma with peptidoglycan monomer |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;2. The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA;3. Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA;4. Terasaki Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA;5. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA;1. Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran;2. Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran;3. Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;4. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;5. Department of Veterinary, Agriculture Faculty, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran;6. Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK;7. Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;8. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;9. Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran;1. Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China;2. BGI-Guangzhou Medical Laboratory, BGI-Shenzhen, Guangzhou, 510006, China;3. Department of Respiratory Medicine. West China-Guangan Hospital, Sichuan University, Guangan, 638500, Sichuan Province, China;4. Center of Precision Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China;5. Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China;6. Hangzhou YITU Healthcare Technology Co, Ltd, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310000, China;1. College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China;2. President''s Office, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, 250117, China;3. Henan Red Cross Blood Center, Zhengzhou, 450053, China;1. Department of Spine, Sancheti Institute of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Pune, Maharashtra, India;2. Sancheti Institute of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Pune, Maharashtra, India |
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| Abstract: | B-16 melanoma-bearing mice received intravenously or intratumorally one or multiple injections of peptidoglycan monomer (PGM) derived from Brevibacterium divaricatum cell wall. Multiple injections of this non-toxic, water-soluble, low-molecular-weight peptidoglycan reduced the growth rate of tumor nodule on the leg, but did not significantly prolong the survival of tumor-bearing mice. One milligram of PGM administered 3 or 7 days after tumor inoculation inhibited formation of pulmonary metastases, induced either by intravenous injection of malignant cells or seeded spontaneously from tumor nodules in the legs before amputation. The inhibition reached about 50% of control values in saline-treated mice. Addition of PGM to in vitro cultures of B-16 melanoma cells did not change their growth rate. The phagocytic activity in the lungs, but not in the spleen and liver, was significantly augmented 3 and 7 days after treatment with PGM. These data indicate that the antimetastatic potency of PGM is probably due to activation of local (pulmonary) macrophages, and not due to direct cytotoxic effects on B-16 melanoma cells or to activation of systemic antineoplastic defence. |
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