彝族《医算书》文献价值与医学价值初探

彝族《医算书》是在四川省凉山彝族自治州发现的一部记述凉山州古彝人医学知识的彝族医学相关文献,采用古彝文记述。本文对其文献价值和医学价值进行了初步研究：从该书的保存情况、记述内容、记述纸张来源、记述文字形式等方面,判断本文研究的版本属于成书于1949年前的凉山州彝族毕摩文献,保留了＂原始＂、＂本真＂的彝族医学特色,说明该书具有较高的文献价值。在此基础上,简介了该书记载的与医学有关的部分内容,根据八方位为中心的＂生命历＂系统来推算患者的病因、预后、发展情况及其衰年出现的周期,根据月相圆缺盈亏推测疾病及其预后情况,将天文历法知识运用于推演生命节律的周期性和防病治病等方面,反映了古彝人朴素的＂天人相应＂的预防医学思想,这是其他传统民族医学体系中少有的,在当时彝族的社会发展时期具有较高的医学价值。

Preliminary exploration for the literature and medical academic value to the Book of Yisuan from the Yi nationality

The Book of Yisuan,from the Yi nationality,was discovered from the area of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture,recorded in characters of the ancient Yi. This article had given a preliminary research on the literature and medical academic value：judging from the status that the book was kept,con-tents of book,the source of papers,the form of the characters of book described,it can be determined that the version of the book belongs to the BiMo literature of Liangshan Yi nationality written before 1949,it re-tained the“originality”and“genuine”content of Yi medical science,which has a high literature value. On this basis,this article was introduced the medical records,such as reckoning the cause of disease, prognosis,the development cycle and rhythm periodicity of the feeble and sick year according to the eight positions as the center of“life experience”system,determining the prognosis according to moon phases. It applies the astronomical calendar and knowledge to deduce the cyclical rhythm and the prevention of the disease,which reflects the simple ideology of preventive medicine：correspondence between man and na-ture. This is rare in other traditional ethnomedicine system,and it had high medical value in the social de-velopment period of Yi nationality at that time.