Minding the Immunization Gap: Family Characteristics Associated with Completion Rates in Rural Ethiopia |
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Authors: | Mary-Christine Sullivan Ayalew Tegegn Fasil Tessema Sandro Galea Craig Hadley |
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Institution: | (1) Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;(2) Yale School of Nursing, 100 Church St. South, New Haven, CT 06519, USA;(3) Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Jimma University, P.O. Box 1348, Jimma, Ethiopia;(4) University of Michigan School of Public Health, 109 Observatory St, Rm 3663, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;(5) Department of Anthropology, Emory University, 1557 Dickey Dr., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA |
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Abstract: | To examine risk factors for lack of immunization, we tested the impact of maternal, paternal, and household variables on child
immunization status in children ≥1 year in a rural area of Ethiopia. Data collected by face-to-face interview on maternal,
paternal, household and child variables from cross-sectional random sample community-based study on health and well-being
in rural Ethiopia was used to test hypotheses on immunization status of children (n = 924). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used for two immunization outcomes: record of at least
one vaccination, and record of DPT3, indicating completion of the DPT series. Complete data were available for 924 children
≥1 year of which 79% had at least one vaccination. Of those, 64% had DPT3/Polio3; below recommended coverage level. Children
were more likely to be vaccinated if the mother reported antenatal care (ANC), and less likely to be vaccinated if the mother
had a history of stillbirth, and no opinion of health center. Children were more likely to have DPT3 if: mother had ≥1 year
of education, mother reported ANC, or older paternal age. Children were less likely to have DPT3 in households with food insecurity
and no maternal opinion of health center. The study had three findings with implications for immunization programming: (1)
Mothers completing the recommended ANC visits is strongly associated with receiving at least one vaccination and with completing a vaccination series; (2) Maternal education is associated with a completed vaccination series; (3) Paternal
characteristics may affect vaccination series completion. |
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