深圳市儿童血铅水平及相关因素分析

目的 调查深圳市儿童血铅水平,探讨儿童铅中毒的危险因素,为制定积极有效的干预措施提供科学依据.方法 以某院儿童保健科常规体检儿童作为研究对象,采集儿童静脉血,用原子吸收光谱仪测定血铅值,分析血铅水平与儿童年龄、性别的关系,并对儿童家长进行问卷调查,对儿童铅中毒相关因素进行条件Logistic回归变量筛选.结果 16 076名儿童血铅浓度平均值为(41.22±25.93)μg/L,铅中毒儿童共264例,总检出率为1.64％,男童血铅水平明显高于女童(P＜0.01),0～6岁儿童血铅浓度及铅中毒率随着年龄增长呈明显增高趋势,6岁以后维持在一个相对稳定水平.导致儿童铅中毒的主要危险因素有吮吸手指、啃咬异物,常吃松花蛋、爆米花等膨化食品及居住在加油站附近,经常进食肉蛋奶类或补充锌钙铁剂类为保护因素.结论 深圳儿童血铅水平低于中国其他城市,但高于美国等发达国家.不良的生活和饮食习惯及外界环境的污染是儿童铅中毒的主要危险因素.现阶段对儿童进行健康教育,养成良好的卫生行为习惯,调整营养膳食是减少儿童铅中毒的最有效和经济实用的方法.

Study on blood lead level and related factors of children in Shenzhen

OBJECTIVE To investigate the blood lead level of children in Shenzhen,analyze the effect factors of increase of blood lead level,and promote reasonable and effective preventive measures to reduce the blood lead level of children.METHODS Children of health examination in department of child health were randomly selected,the lead level in blood was detected by atomic absorption spectrometer,and analyze the relation of the blood lead level and children’s age or sex.Their parents were surveyed and asked to finish a questionnaire.Conditional Logistic regression was used for the main effect factors for increasing blood lead level.RESULTS The average of 16076 children blood lead(x ± s) was(41.22 ± 25.93) μg /L.264 children have lead poisoning.The incidence rate of lead poisoning in children was 1.64%.The blood lead level in boys was significantly higher than that in girls(P ﹤ 0.01).The blood lead level and the lead poisoning rate increased with age in children of 0-6 years,keeping maintenance level older than 6 years.The main effect factors that increasing blood lead level included sucking fingers and nibbling foreign bodies,eating preserved egg,popcorn,puffed food and house adjacent to gas station.Eating meat egg milk or zinc calcium chalybeate usually can protect children from lead poisoning.CONCLUSION The blood lead levels of children in Shenzhen was relatively lower than the national average.But higher than developed countries.unhealthy lifestyle and dietary behaviors and environment pollution maybe the effect factors of increasING of blood lead level.So health education,adjusting nutritional diet and developing a good habit maybe effective and economic methods for reducing lead poisoning in children.