贵州省流行性乙型脑炎疫苗强化免疫成本效益评价

目的 探讨贵州省实施流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)疫苗强化免疫的成本效益.方法 抽样调查乙脑病例住院和非住院治疗费用、陪护费用、康复费用以及乙脑疫苗强化免疫工作中需投入的经费.计算因乙脑患病陪护人员人均减少的产值,用伤残调整寿命年指标(DALY)计算因乙脑发病造成的死亡和伤残损失,采用成本-效益分析方法,计算乙脑强化免疫的成本效益比值和产生的净效益.结果 1例乙脑病例患病后社会减少产值84.36万元.贵州省2007年开展乙脑疫苗强化免疫后发病率较1990～2006年强化前平均下降了65.30％,因采取强化免疫措施而减少发病、伤残和死亡损失的净效益为1亿2千5百余万元,成本效益比值为1∶4.88.结论 开展大规模的强化免疫,对降低乙脑发病水平效果显著,可产生较好的社会效益和经济效益.

Cost-effectiveness evaluation on Japanese Encephalitis Live Attenuated Vaccine Mass Immunization Campaign in Guizhou

OBJECTIVE To review the economic benefits of Japanese Encephalitis(JE) live attenuated vaccine mass campaign in Guizhou province.METHODS Data from the sampling were analyzed by cost-effectiveness analysis to investigate the expenditure of hospitalization and non-hospital treatment,chaperone costs and re-habilitation costs.The per capita Gross Domestic Product was created by the nursing personnel of JE cases as well as the expenditure,which was essential for controlling JE.The index DALY,which was commonly applied internationally at present,was utilized to calculate the loss of death and disability caused by the incidence of JE quantitatively.Also,the ratio of cost-effectiveness and net benefits produced were counted.RESULTS After JE live attenuated vaccine mass immunization campaigns,the annual average incidence rate of JE in Guizhou province decreased by 65.30% than 1990-2006.Meanwhile,the reduced loss of incidence,disability and death amount to 843.6 thousand Yuan.The net benefits produced were 125.20 million Yuan and the rate of cost-effectiveness was 1:4.88.CONCLUSION All of the data indicate that the incidence of JE decreased remarkably after the mass immunization campaign with JE live attenuated vaccine.The measure of preventing JE by using JE live attenuated vaccine is economical and effectively.