北京市城区成年人能量摄入状况及影响因素分析

目的 描述北京市2010年城区成年人的能量摄入状况,分析其影响因素.方法 以分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取了4个城区732户居民,以3d24h回顾和称重法相结合的方法获得能量摄入量,对18岁及以上且每日能量摄入量≥500 Kcal的居民数据进行分析.结果 1 842名调查对象平均每日摄入能量(1 671.7±576.2)Kcal,碳水化合物、脂肪、蛋白质供能比分别为52.1％、34.8％、13.1％,谷类、蔬果、动物性食物、速食、糕点饮料提供的能量比例分别为41.1％、5.7％、17.0％、5.3％、6.2％,早餐、中餐、晚餐及零食提供的能量比例分别为28.5％、33.9％、32.3％、5.3％.男性平均每日能量摄入量、谷类供能比高于女性,而蔬果、糕点饮料供能比低于女性；60岁及以上居民碳水化合物供能比高于、脂肪供能比低于60岁以下居民；经济状况较好、文化程度较高的居民来自动物性食品和糕点饮料的能量更多,来自谷类的更少,其碳水化合物供能比相对低而脂肪供能比相对高.结论 北京市城区成年人平均每日能量摄入量较低,谷类是最主要的能量来源,三大营养素供能比不尽合理,三餐能量分配较合理,性别、年龄、体型、经济状况、文化程度是能量或其来源的影响因素.

Analysis of energy intake of urban adults and its influence factors in Beijing

OBJECTIVE To describe the current situation of energy intake of urban adults in Beijing and analyze its influence factors.METHODS 732 households from 4 districts were selected by stratified random sampling for the Health and Nutrition Survey in Beijing in 2010.The energy intake was worked out by the combination of 3 day 24-hour dietary recall and food weighing methods.Only the data of residents ≥18 years old and data of energy intake ≥500 Kcal /d were chosen for analysis.RESULTS The average energy intake was(1 671.7 ± 576.2) Kcal/d ot 1842 subjects.The contribution to total energy by carbohydrate,fat and protein was 52.1%,34.8% and 13.1%,respectively.Cereals,vegetables and fruits,animal food,fast food,cakes and drinks accounted for 41.1%,5.7%,17.0%,5.3%,6.2% of total daily energy intake respectively.Breakfast,lunch,supper and snacks contributed 28.5%,33.9%,32.3%,5.3% of total energy respectively.In comparison with females,males had a significantly higher intake of total energy,a greater percentage contribution to energy by cereals and less contribution by vegetables and fruits,or cakes and drinks.Energy intake percentage from carbohydrate increased in residents ≥60 while that from fat decreased.The percentage of energy intake were higher from animal food or cakes and drinks,lower from cereals in well-educated residents or residents with higher economic status.CONCLUSION The average energy intake level is low among Beijing urban adults and cereals are the first major source of energy.The contribution to total energy by three major nutrients is imbalanced,but the contribution by three meals is proper.The energy intake or sources of energy are influenced by gender,age,BMI,economic status or education.