微小RNA介导的牙周炎与动脉粥样硬化相关机制的研究进展

牙周炎是一种主要由菌斑生物膜所引起的牙周支持组织慢性炎症破坏性疾病,与宿主的免疫反应相关。牙周致病菌可通过一过性菌血症进入血液循环系统,引发血管炎症反应,增加心血管疾病患病风险。微小RNA(microRNA)作为近年来小分子RNA的研究热点,可在表观遗传学水平调控基因表达,参与炎症调节。本文综述了牙周致病菌通过microRNA调控免疫炎症反应的机制,从而介导动脉粥样硬化的发生、发展,为牙周炎与动脉粥样硬化疾病关联的分子机制研究提供新的思路。此外,通过探索动脉粥样硬化与牙周炎相关特异性microRNA的表达模式,可为未来诊断或治疗心血管疾病提供新的参考。

Research progress on microRNA-mediated mechanisms between periodontitis and atherosclerosis

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterised by destruction of periodontal supporting tissue, which is mainly due to plaque biofilm and host immune response. Periodontal pathogen can invade the blood circulation system by transient bacteraemia and trigger the vascular inflammation, which can definitely increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. MicroRNA, a small molecule RNA discussed in this paper, can regulate gene expression in epigenetics and participate in the regulation of inflammation. This review focuses on the mechanism of how periodontal pathogens regulate immune inflammatory response by microRNA to mediate the generation and development of atherosclerosis, which can provide new ideas for the research on the linkages on molecular mechanism between periodontitis and atherosclerosis. Moreover, exploring the specific microRNA expression patterns related to atherosclerosis and periodontitis can serve as a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the future.