饮食、运动习惯对学龄前儿童超重和肥胖的影响

目的:了解武汉市学龄前儿童超重和肥胖的流行情况,探讨其影响因素。方法:随机整群抽取武汉市江汉区5所幼儿园共1 120名儿童,按照标准方法测量其身高、体重,并以WHO儿童BMI标准作为超重和肥胖评价标准;采用自拟问卷对儿童及其家庭基本情况、饮食和运动习惯进行调查。结果:1 120名儿童中,超重和肥胖发生率分别为13.2%和11.9%,男童发生率均显著高于女童(P<0.001);多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示,出生为巨大儿(OR=1.662,95%CI:1.066～2.590)、进食量多(OR=4.640,95%CI:3.319～6.486)、进食速度快(OR=2.121,95%CI:1.452～3.098)、喜欢吃洋快餐(OR=1.907,95%CI:1.363～2.668)、喜欢吃蛋类(OR=1.518,95%CI:1.115～2.086)等5个因素是学龄前儿童超重和肥胖的危险因素;经常吃蔬菜、水果(OR=0.659,95%CI:0.477～0.911)、周末平均户外活动时间≥2 h(OR=0.635,95%CI:0.469～0.858)则是超重和肥胖的保护因素。结论:武汉市学龄前儿童超重和肥胖流行率高于全国平均水平,改善不良饮食和运动习惯可有效地预防超重和肥胖的发生。

Effects of dietary and exercise habits on overweight and obesity of preschool children

Objective:To understand the prevalences of overweight and obesity among preschool children in Wuhan city,explore the effect factors.Methods:A random cluster sampling method was used to select 1 120 children from 5 kindergartens from Jianghan district in Wuhan city,then the body height and body weight were measured according to a standard method,the standard of body mass index(BMI) among children reported by WHO was used as the evaluation criteria of overweight and obesity;a self-designed questionnaire was u...