犬吸入全氟异丁烯致急性呼吸窘迫综合征模型的建立及损伤机制的初探

目的　建立犬吸入全氟异丁烯 (PFIB)致急性呼吸窘迫综合征 (ARDS)模型 ,动态观察演变过程 ,初步探究其损伤机制。方法　自行设计犬染毒装置 ,控制PFIB浓度在 0 .30～ 0 .32mg L ,摸索合适的染毒时间 ,并动态采集血清标本 ,检测白细胞介素 (IL) 6、IL 8含量 ;观察临床表现和器官病理变化。结果　 (1)染毒过程中PFIB的浓度稳定 ;(2 )染毒后动物血氧分压逐步下降 ,直至ARDS水平 ;(3)犬血清IL 8水平 [(0 .2 3± 0 .0 11)ng ml]较染毒前 [(0 .12± 0 .0 0 2 )ng ml]明显升高 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而IL 6水平 [(0 .2 3± 0 .0 4 5 )ng ml]未发现明显改变 ,较染毒前 [(0 .2 2± 0 .0 0 6 )ng ml]的差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;(4 )染毒后 6h内犬无异常表现 ,其后症状逐渐出现 ,后期表现为典型的ARDS频速浅快呼吸症状 ;(5 )病理观察发现犬双肺绝大部分有严重充血、水肿和不张 ,其他脏器改变为器官缺氧的表现。结论　 (1)所设计的犬染毒装置实现了染毒可控性 ;(2 )染毒 30min ,犬 2 2h后均达ARDS临床诊断标准 ,模型建立方法成功 ;(3)PFIB特异性损伤肺 ,可引起肺的过度炎症反应。

Modeling of acute respiratory distress syndrome in canine after inhalation of perfluoroisobutylene and preliminary study on mechanisms of injury

OBJECTIVE: To establish of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) model in canine after inhalation of perfluoroisobutylene (PFIB), and to observe the progressing of lung injury, and to study the mechanisms of injury. METHODS: A device of inhalation of PFIB for canine was made. The concentration of PFIB was 0.30 - 0.32 mg/L. Serum IL-6 and IL-8 were dynamically measured. Clinical manifestations, pathology of organs in canine were observed. RESULTS: (1) During inhalation, the concentration of PFIB remained stable; (2) After inhalation, blood arterial oxygen partial pressure fell gradually, and eventually met the criteria for diagnosing ARDS; (3) The level of IL-8 in serum rises significantly after inhalation (P < 0.05), whereas that of IL-6 was not obviously altered (P > 0.05); (4) Within 6 hours after inhalation, no abnormality in canine was observed, but afterwards symptoms gradually appeared, and typical breath of ARDS, such as high frequency and lower level could be seen in later phase; (5) Pathological examination showed severe congestion, edema and atelectasis in most part of both lungs, and signs of anoxia in other organs. CONCLUSIONS: (1) The device designed is capable of ensuring control of inhalation of PFIB; (2) Exposure to PFIB for 30 mins, canines all met the criteria for diagnosing ARDS 22 hours after inhalation, therefore the modeling is successful; (3) PFIB specifically damages the lung by causing excessive inflammation.