支气管哮喘患者掌握吸入装置的现状及护理干预

目的 调查哮喘门诊支气管哮喘(哮喘)患者吸入装置使用技术的掌握现状和护理干预效果.方法 对2009年4～12月哮喘门诊321例哮喘患者使用吸入装置的基本情况、既往用药信息、定量手控气雾吸入法(MDI)和干粉吸人法(DPI)操作技术情况进行调查和护理干预,并对结果进行分析.结果 所有初次使用吸入装置者在阅读说明书后吸入技术掌握情况,高等与低等文化程度组掌握程度分布比较差异显著;高等与中等文化程度组掌握程度分布比较差异显著.使用MDI装置者吸入技术掌握情况和使用DPI者比较差异显著;曾接受过与未接受过专业医务人员指导的既往使用过吸入装置者吸入技术掌握情况比较差异显著;护理干预后吸入技术掌握较干预前比较有显著提高.结论 患者自行阅读说明书后不能完全掌握MDI和DPI的使用方法,为保证吸入装置使用的正确性和有效性,医务人员(哮喘门诊的护士)的专业指导是很重要的,多媒体视频等护理干预措施可提高患者掌握吸入装置的吸入技术.

Status of the asthmatic patients to master the use of inhalers and nursing intervention

Objective To evaluate the skills in using inhalers among the asthmatic patients who visited the out-patient clinic and whether or not the nursing intervention could further improve the efficacy of the drug delivery device. Methods 321 asthmatic patients who had visited the clinic and prescribed inhalers from April to December 2009 were investigated of the basic status, former medication history and skills in using metered dose inhaler (MDI) and dry powder inhaler (DPI). Nursing intervention had been carried out and the results were analyzed. Results Subjects belonging to different educational level groups were significantly different in mastering skills using MDI and DPI after reading instructions. There also existed significant difference between MDI and DPI users. Among patients who had already used inhalers, there was significant difference between subjects who had received instruction from medical personnel and subjects who had only read paper directions. Nursing intervention could significantly improve the skills in handling the device. Conclusions Proper skills in using inhalers could not be possessed just by reading paper directions. Instructions or even multimedia presentation from medical personnel are vital for asthmatic patients to master the skills in using MDI and DPI.