ACE gene polymorphism and coronary restenosis.

In humans, circulating levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) are linked with an insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism in the ACE gene: DD genotype bearers have higher levels of ACE than either ID or II genotype bearers. Recent studies have suggested that the ACE DD genotype might be associated with a higher risk of coronary artery disease. The aim of this paper is to review studies on the influence of the I/D polymorphism on coronary restenosis. The renin-angiotensin system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neointimal hyperplasia in experimental models. In humans, the I/D polymorphism is not associated with restenosis after balloon angioplasty, but is strongly associated with restenosis after coronary stent implantation. This may be explained by the fact that the contribution of neointimal hyperplasia to restenosis is much more important after coronary stent implantation than after balloon angioplasty.