颌面部爆炸伤模型的建立及下颌骨的损伤特点

目的：建立标准的颌面部爆炸伤动物模型，并研究下颌骨的损伤特点。方法：选用微球形炸药作爆炸源距兔面部不同距离引爆致伤，建立颌面部爆炸伤动物模型，并于伤后6h 3天、7天观察伤情，按伤区外0．5cm、1．0cm取下颌骨标本行HE染色及改良三色法染色，并行墨汁灌注制作骨磨片观察。结果：实验建立的颌面部爆炸伤动物模型重复性好稳定性强，更接近战时爆炸损伤。伤后6h伤区骨断端骨组织无明显变化；伤后3天，骨断端明显炎细胞浸润，伤区外0．4cm内松质骨骨细胞坏死，并见骨吸收活动及破骨细胞；伤后7天，伤区外0．4cm内骨质完全坏死，但其周围0．4cm以外骨细胞结构基本正常，皮质骨及松质骨出现修复活动。结论：该模型可作典型的创伤模型，有广泛的适用性。爆炸伤后下颌骨反应特性与普通骨折相似，但损伤范围更大。

Blast injury in maxillofacial region: establishment of animal model and study of mandibular injury

Objective To establish standard animal model with blast injury in maxillofacial region and study the injury of mandible.Methods Spherical explosive was used to wound maxillofacial region of rabbits at different distances to set up an animal model. Bone tissue specimens were collected respectively from wound area 0.5 cm, 1.0 cm at 6 hours, 3 and 7 days after wounding, the samples were prepared and stained with HE and modified Mallory's trichrome staining and observed under light microscope . The results of ink injection were also observed in bone grinding sections. Results No changes were found at 6 hours. Inflammatory infiltration, osteonecrosis within 0.4 cm, osteoclast and absorption were found at 3 days. It was at 7 days that osteonecrosis was apparent and wide, the structure of bone beyond 0.4 cm was nearly normal and restoration of bone was seen. Conclusion The animal model is typical and can be used widely; the pathological changes of mandible injured by explosive is similar to usual fracture except that the rangeof the former is larger.